Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice (2009) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
9 Role of Supporting Organizations
9 Role of Supporting Organizations
Pages 230-239
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 230... ...
Supporting organizations include accreditation and certification bodies, health insurance plans, membership groups such as the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and the World Association of Medical Journal Editors (WAME)
|
From page 231... ...
State agencies establish rules for the licensing and relicensing of individual physicians, and specialty boards design rules to certify and recertify physician specialists. The National Guidelines Clearinghouse sets conditions for the posting of clinical practice guidelines developed by professional societies and other groups.
|
From page 232... ...
The typical quality improvement program in health care actively engages frontline caregivers and managers in an interdisciplinary process of identifying and analyzing problems in the quality of care, devising preventive or corrective interventions, monitoring outcomes, and modifying interventions on the basis of
|
From page 233... ...
Accreditation agencies and voluntary groups have also encouraged this quality improvement process, and some universities have applied quality improvement models to university administration. The University of Wisconsin, for example, has an office of quality improvement that supports process improvement activities in administrative as well as academic areas, and its website showcases examples of activities that are potentially relevant for conflict of interest programs (University of Wisconsin, 2008)
|
From page 234... ...
NIH surveys and site visits have uncovered shortcomings in the content and application of PHS conflict of interest regulations for research grantees, and it appears that federal officials have penalized institutions or required quality improvement or remedial programs only rarely and only in cases in which problems have been identified in other ways (e.g., congressional or media investigations) (see Kaiser [2008]
|
From page 235... ...
This report has also described shortcomings in adherence by individual physicians and researchers to academic medical center, journal, and other conflict of interest policies. Ideally, physicians, scientists, and medical institutions should voluntarily adopt conflict of interest policies as a matter of professional responsibility and professional ethics.
|
From page 236... ...
A number of specific suggestions about incentives were discussed above and in the earlier chapters on medical research, education, and practice and practice guideline development. Box 9-1 summarizes these and other BOX 9-1 Examples of Methods That Supporting Organizations Can Use to Strengthen Conflict of Interest Policies Oversight bodies that oversee or regulate medical education and practice • Accreditation and specialty certification bodies could set standards for the adoption of conflict of interest policies by organizations that offer undergraduate, graduate, and continuing medical education.
|
From page 237... ...
Private health insurance plans • Private health insurance plans could establish incentives for hospitals and individual physicians to adopt conflict of interest policies, as recommended in this report. For example, the adoption of such policies could be a criterion for an institu tion to be a center of excellence or for a physician to be a member of a preferred provider program.
|
From page 238... ...
The opportunity to preempt sweeping and potentially burdensome legal requirements should give a sense of urgency to voluntary efforts to establish and implement conflict of interest policies that reassure the public and those who make public policy. Government directives and prohibitions can be blunt instruments for dealing with conflict of interest problems, which often call for subtle judgments of risks and benefits and which involve many uncertainties.
|
From page 239... ...
Unintended negative consequences might include disproportionate administrative burdens and the inhibition of constructive collaborations between academia and industry. Strengthening the evidence base should allow institutions to improve their conflict of interest policies to better protect the integrity of their missions and to maintain the trust of the public.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.