The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Index
Pages 209-218

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 209... ... See Zoos and aquariums videoconferencing technology, 154, 155 Assessment of learning outcomes Active Prolonged Engagement exhibits, 15, 48-49, 50 challenges, 5, 103-105, 142, 165-166 Adult science learning. See also Citizen science; Science consensus building on, 109, 111, 113 Cafés; Senior citizens construct validity, 106 characteristics of experiences, 148-149 content analyses of discussions, 106 evidence of learning, 151 conversation taping and analysis, 66, 68-72, 79, 107 identity building, 81-82 defined, 111 interest and motivating factors, 146-147, 148-149, designed environments, 66, 68, 71-72, 103-104, 107, 151 112 number and type of programs, 148 developing appropriate assessments, 105-111, 112 opportunities, 4, 16, 29, 88, 146-151, 169 113 perceptions of institutions and programs, 148 ecological validity, 106 pyramid image, 149 embedded in activities, 109, 113 venues, 147-148 evaluation distinguished from, 111-113 After-school programs. Read the entire page →
From page 210... ... See Amateur science clubs Cognition and learning Backyard research, 15-16, 21, 22-24, 25, 32 affect and, 82-83 Bartlett, Karol, 162 barriers to, 54, 55 Bay Area Discovery Museum, 164 children and adolescents, 140-141 Benbow, Ann, 151 expert vs. novice, 13-14, 38-39, 60 Biodiesel fuel experiment, 98 intuitive ideas, 38, 39, 55, 140 Birdwatching, 133, 147, 149 older adults, 150-151 House Finch Eye Disease Survey, 24 principles, 17-18 Project FeederWatch, 21, 22-24, 25, 32 prior knowledge and, 5, 12, 13, 14-15, 17, 38-39, 42, Seed Preference Test, 24, 25 60, 65, 71, 73, 82-83, 127, 140, 162 Blackfeet Community College, 132, 133 social interaction and, 14, 15, 17, 46, 66, 78-79, 83, Blackfeet Native Science Field Center, 132-136 87, 93, 97, 122 Blackfeet Reservation, 132 systematic approach to research, 13-17 Bonney, Rick, 22, 24, 205 Cohen Center for Interactive Learning, 170-174 Cohort effects, 155-157 C Collaborations and linkages for assessments, 114 Calabrese Barton, Angela, 121 challenges, 166 California Bay Watershed Education and Training community partnerships in design and development, Program, 177 121, 122, 123, 126, 129, 132, 136, 153, 154, 155, California Science Center, 31, 169 158, 176-179, 184 Callanan, Maureen, 73 informal and formal environments, 166-175, 178 Cell Lab (exhibit) Read the entire page →
From page 211... ... , 81-82, 107 Designing for science learning Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 22-24, 33, 66, 149 Active Prolonged Engagement exhibits, 15, 48-49, 50 Cosmic Serpent, 137 age considerations, 139, 157 Cousteau, Jacques-Yves, 161 challenges, 48-54 Craik, Fergus, 152 characteristics that encourage learning, 5, 37-38, 83Crowley, Kevin, 73, 74, 75 86 CSI: Crime Scene Investigations, 29 cohort considerations, 155-157 Cultural, diversity, and equity issues community partnerships, 121, 122, 123, 126, 129, audience development initiatives, 122, 123-127, 129 132, 136, 153, 154, 155, 158, 176-179, 184 building community relationships, 128, 129 computer modeling, 51 challenges of engaging nondominant cultures, 120, connected learning experiences, 162 122, 123-124, 128 cultural and diversity issues, 15, 120-127, 129, 132 designing inclusive exhibits, 15, 120-127, 129, 132- 136, 152 136, 152, 158 evaluation component, 111-113 equity issues, 120-127, 143-146 exploratory experiences, 16 211 Index Read the entire page →
From page 212... ... , 164 87, 99, 112, 122-131, 162, 182-183 Exploratorium of San Francisco, 43-48, 51, 62, 63, 68, one-shot experiences, 16 69-72, 79, 87, 107, 112, 129, 137, 164, 188, 189, for people with disabilities, 128, 130-131 190 prior knowledge and interest and, 5, 12, 13, 14-15, Extended learning opportunities. See also Field trips; 17, 38-39, 42, 49, 60, 65, 71, 73, 82-83, 127, 140, Formal science learning 162 adult pursuit of, 149 process, 52 assessment of, 165, 180-181 programs, 52, 53-55 design strategies, 40, 162 strands framework and, 31-32, 41-42, 47-48, 52, 55, field trips, 167-170 60, 87, 103 generally, 4, 7 strategies for implementing research, 39-41, 53-61 internship model, 174-175 structured exhibits, 16 learning progressions, 182-184 things to try, 60-61, 157-158 lending/sharing resources, 162 universal, 128 linking formal and informal settings, 166-179 Dierking, Lynn, 167 media platforms, 162-166, 185 Dolphins (movie) Read the entire page →
From page 213... ... See Extended learning of science learning; specific environments opportunities categories, 2 Formal science learning characteristics that encourage learning, 2, 5-13, field trips, 167-170 16-17 instruction tie and quality, 1 cohort considerations, 155-157 learning progressions, 182-184 cumulative process, 161-162, 166 linking informal learning opportunities, 166-175, examples, 1, 16 188-190 importance, 1, 32 reform initiatives, 181-182 strands framework, 25-33 scientific facility partnerships, 170-174 time frame, 4 teacher professional development, 180-182 venues, 2-5 Frogs (exhibit) , 63-64, 69-72, 107 Inquiry Fusco, Dana, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 behaviors, 7, 24, 42, 57, 65, 78 curriculum materials, 181, 189 G developing skills, 173; see also Scientific reasoning processes, 24, 59, 135 scientific, 110, 181 Gardening and garden clubs, 30-31, 53, 89-91 storytelling devices, 56-60 Garibay, Cecilia, 121, 129 Institute for Learning Innovation, 7, 95, 96, 115 Garibay Group, 121, 126 Interactivity. Read the entire page →
From page 214... ... and science identity, 81-83, 93-97, 99, 100-101 Center, 188, 189, 190 strand 1, 26, 27, 42, 47, 52, 63-64, 82, 92-93, 110, Lectures, 4, 16, 29, 88, 148, 154, 169 146, 151, 179 Liberty Science Center, 163 structured activities, 167-168 Libraries, 1, 2, 3, 16, 141, 147, 148, 152, 154, 162, 166 things to try, 100 Library of Congress, 164 Internet Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (film) , 161 communities of peers online, 33 Life-stage perspectives on learning computer games, 2, 5, 6-7, 8, 12, 18, 106, 107, 109, adults, 146-151 156 children and youth, 30, 140-146 forums and other resources, 6, 23, 54, 163, 164 cohort effects, 155-157 learning activities, 2, 4, 33, 162, 183-184, 185 designing exhibits for, 46 personalized student websites, 172 senior citizens, 30-31, 139, 151-155 Web resources, 18, 34, 62, 79, 80, 101, 115, 137, things to try, 157-158 159, 164, 186 Lishness, Alan, 171 website design, 153 Lyndhurst Public Library, 154 ISEN-ASTC-L, 33 Lyon, Gabrielle, 145 J M Jacobs, Melanie, 74, 75 Magnitude X (exhibit) Read the entire page →
From page 215... ... , 132-135 institutions and exhibits Native Waters (exhibit) , 119-120 access issues, 120, 121, 122-127, 152 Nature centers, 1, 7, 28, 40, 174 Active Prolonged Engagement exhibits, 15, 48-49, 50 New York Hall of Science, 37, 182 adult experiences, 147, 148, 152 North Carolina Museum of Life and Science, 131, 164 assessment of learning in, 66, 68, 71-72, 103-104, North Museum, 182 107, 112 NOVA scienceNOW program, 9, 11 connected learning experiences, 4, 162 cultural and political influences on science, 67 O cultural considerations, 120, 121, 122-127, 135 designing exhibits, 14, 15, 40, 52, 64, 83-87, 99, 112, Oglala Lakota College, 132 122-131, 152, 162, 182-183 Olstad, Roger, 167 diversity of staff, 121, 126 Ontario Science Center, 67 films, 81-82 Out-of-school-time programs generally, 1, 3, 16, 29, 88, 139, 140, 141, 166 assessment of, 114, 135, 179, 189-190 interactive exhibits, 40, 41-52, 65, 66, 130-131, 164, continuity with other venues, 139, 166 167-168, 185 coordination with formal curriculum, 176-179 interpretive materials, 40, 122, 129, 131 cultural elements, 132-135 215 Index Read the entire page →
From page 216... ... See Scientific reasoning Reflection on science conversation and, 71 Pacific Science Center, 175, 181-182, 186 designing science experiences for, 13-14, 29, 38-39, Pajaro Valley Unified School District, 178-179 47 Parent-child interactions. See also Family settings strand 4, 27, 29, 38-39, 47, 55, 60, 71, 146 explanatory conversations, 73-76 Reginald Clark and Associates, 190 reinforcement of learning, 3 Reich, Christine, 130-131 resources to support, 74 Reiser, Robert, 65 undermining engagement, 74 Renninger, Ann, 87, 99 Pedretti, Erminia, 67 Restoring Environments and Landscapes (REAL) Read the entire page →
From page 217... ... Louis Science Center, 48, 52, 53-54, 62, 78, 93, 109 LabVenture! program, 170-174, 179, 186 Storytelling, 56-60, 119 NSF evaluation framework, 110 Strands of science learning Scientific reasoning in assessments, 108-110, 179 conversation and, 66, 74 designing learning experiences, 31-32, 41-42, 47-48, designing activities for, 42, 47, 87 87 examples, 28, 92-93 framework, 26-31 interactive experiences, 41, 42, 66, 74 interconnectedness, 26, 92-93 naïve, 182 NSF evaluation framework compared, 109-110 NSF evaluation framework, 109 strand 1, see Interest and motivation opportunities for, 28, 47 strand 2, see Understanding content and knowledge process, 28-29, 47, 146 strand 3, see Scientific reasoning short-term vs. Read the entire page →
From page 218... ... See Films and videos Television Vietnamese Audience Development Initiative, 123-126 conversational interaction during shows, 65, 77, 78 Vietnamese culture, 122, 123-127, 129 educational shows, 2, 3, 7, 15, 16, 56, 57-59, 75, Visitor Studies Association, 115 141, 146, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 183 Volunteering, 2, 3, 4, 6, 31, 44, 45, 65-66, 91, 97, 133, effect on learning, 166 175 entertainment shows as learning venues, 29 extended learning experiences, 56, 57-59, 161, 164, W 165, 183 interactivity, 40, 56, 57-59, 65 Wartella, Ellen, 65 Thirsty Scholar Pub, 8, 9-11 WGBH public television outreach, 8, 9, 10 Thogersen, Erik, 50, 51, 52, 66, 112 Wiehe, Ben, 9-11, 12 21st Century Learning Centers, 143 Wind River Reservation, 132 Twin Cities Public Television, 56 WolfQuest (game) , 5, 6-7, 8, 12, 18, 106, 107, 109, 156 U Y Understanding content and knowledge Yellowstone National Park, 6, 144-146 design of learning experiences and, 29, 41-42, 47, 52, Yelp, 164 86 examples, 27, 41-42 Z naïve understanding, 14, 38 persistence of, 42 Zoetrope exhibit, 73 prior knowledge and, 39-40 Zoos and aquariums strand 2, 7, 26-27, 41, 47, 52, 87, 110, 146, 179 after-school programs, 178 United Senior Center Hackensack, 154 assessment of learning experiences, 180-181 University of British Columbia, 180 diversity initiatives, 127 University of California at Santa Cruz, 188, 189 extended learning opportunities, 161, 183 University of Michigan, 182 generally, 2, 3 interactive components, 42 membership, 82 motivation for visiting, 82, 83, 93, 96-97 teacher training opportunities, 180 Surrounded by Science 218 Read the entire page →

From page 209...

... See Zoos and aquariums videoconferencing technology, 154, 155 Assessment of learning outcomes Active Prolonged Engagement exhibits, 15, 48-49, 50 challenges, 5, 103-105, 142, 165-166 Adult science learning. See also Citizen science; Science consensus building on, 109, 111, 113 Cafés; Senior citizens construct validity, 106 characteristics of experiences, 148-149 content analyses of discussions, 106 evidence of learning, 151 conversation taping and analysis, 66, 68-72, 79, 107 identity building, 81-82 defined, 111 interest and motivating factors, 146-147, 148-149, designed environments, 66, 68, 71-72, 103-104, 107, 151 112 number and type of programs, 148 developing appropriate assessments, 105-111, 112 opportunities, 4, 16, 29, 88, 146-151, 169 113 perceptions of institutions and programs, 148 ecological validity, 106 pyramid image, 149 embedded in activities, 109, 113 venues, 147-148 evaluation distinguished from, 111-113 After-school programs.

Read the entire page →

From page 210...

... See Amateur science clubs Cognition and learning Backyard research, 15-16, 21, 22-24, 25, 32 affect and, 82-83 Bartlett, Karol, 162 barriers to, 54, 55 Bay Area Discovery Museum, 164 children and adolescents, 140-141 Benbow, Ann, 151 expert vs. novice, 13-14, 38-39, 60 Biodiesel fuel experiment, 98 intuitive ideas, 38, 39, 55, 140 Birdwatching, 133, 147, 149 older adults, 150-151 House Finch Eye Disease Survey, 24 principles, 17-18 Project FeederWatch, 21, 22-24, 25, 32 prior knowledge and, 5, 12, 13, 14-15, 17, 38-39, 42, Seed Preference Test, 24, 25 60, 65, 71, 73, 82-83, 127, 140, 162 Blackfeet Community College, 132, 133 social interaction and, 14, 15, 17, 46, 66, 78-79, 83, Blackfeet Native Science Field Center, 132-136 87, 93, 97, 122 Blackfeet Reservation, 132 systematic approach to research, 13-17 Bonney, Rick, 22, 24, 205 Cohen Center for Interactive Learning, 170-174 Cohort effects, 155-157 C Collaborations and linkages for assessments, 114 Calabrese Barton, Angela, 121 challenges, 166 California Bay Watershed Education and Training community partnerships in design and development, Program, 177 121, 122, 123, 126, 129, 132, 136, 153, 154, 155, California Science Center, 31, 169 158, 176-179, 184 Callanan, Maureen, 73 informal and formal environments, 166-175, 178 Cell Lab (exhibit)

Read the entire page →

From page 211...

... , 81-82, 107 Designing for science learning Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 22-24, 33, 66, 149 Active Prolonged Engagement exhibits, 15, 48-49, 50 Cosmic Serpent, 137 age considerations, 139, 157 Cousteau, Jacques-Yves, 161 challenges, 48-54 Craik, Fergus, 152 characteristics that encourage learning, 5, 37-38, 83Crowley, Kevin, 73, 74, 75 86 CSI: Crime Scene Investigations, 29 cohort considerations, 155-157 Cultural, diversity, and equity issues community partnerships, 121, 122, 123, 126, 129, audience development initiatives, 122, 123-127, 129 132, 136, 153, 154, 155, 158, 176-179, 184 building community relationships, 128, 129 computer modeling, 51 challenges of engaging nondominant cultures, 120, connected learning experiences, 162 122, 123-124, 128 cultural and diversity issues, 15, 120-127, 129, 132 designing inclusive exhibits, 15, 120-127, 129, 132- 136, 152 136, 152, 158 evaluation component, 111-113 equity issues, 120-127, 143-146 exploratory experiences, 16 211 Index

Read the entire page →

From page 212...

... , 164 87, 99, 112, 122-131, 162, 182-183 Exploratorium of San Francisco, 43-48, 51, 62, 63, 68, one-shot experiences, 16 69-72, 79, 87, 107, 112, 129, 137, 164, 188, 189, for people with disabilities, 128, 130-131 190 prior knowledge and interest and, 5, 12, 13, 14-15, Extended learning opportunities. See also Field trips; 17, 38-39, 42, 49, 60, 65, 71, 73, 82-83, 127, 140, Formal science learning 162 adult pursuit of, 149 process, 52 assessment of, 165, 180-181 programs, 52, 53-55 design strategies, 40, 162 strands framework and, 31-32, 41-42, 47-48, 52, 55, field trips, 167-170 60, 87, 103 generally, 4, 7 strategies for implementing research, 39-41, 53-61 internship model, 174-175 structured exhibits, 16 learning progressions, 182-184 things to try, 60-61, 157-158 lending/sharing resources, 162 universal, 128 linking formal and informal settings, 166-179 Dierking, Lynn, 167 media platforms, 162-166, 185 Dolphins (movie)

Read the entire page →

From page 213...

... See Extended learning of science learning; specific environments opportunities categories, 2 Formal science learning characteristics that encourage learning, 2, 5-13, field trips, 167-170 16-17 instruction tie and quality, 1 cohort considerations, 155-157 learning progressions, 182-184 cumulative process, 161-162, 166 linking informal learning opportunities, 166-175, examples, 1, 16 188-190 importance, 1, 32 reform initiatives, 181-182 strands framework, 25-33 scientific facility partnerships, 170-174 time frame, 4 teacher professional development, 180-182 venues, 2-5 Frogs (exhibit) , 63-64, 69-72, 107 Inquiry Fusco, Dana, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 behaviors, 7, 24, 42, 57, 65, 78 curriculum materials, 181, 189 G developing skills, 173; see also Scientific reasoning processes, 24, 59, 135 scientific, 110, 181 Gardening and garden clubs, 30-31, 53, 89-91 storytelling devices, 56-60 Garibay, Cecilia, 121, 129 Institute for Learning Innovation, 7, 95, 96, 115 Garibay Group, 121, 126 Interactivity.

Read the entire page →

From page 214...

... and science identity, 81-83, 93-97, 99, 100-101 Center, 188, 189, 190 strand 1, 26, 27, 42, 47, 52, 63-64, 82, 92-93, 110, Lectures, 4, 16, 29, 88, 148, 154, 169 146, 151, 179 Liberty Science Center, 163 structured activities, 167-168 Libraries, 1, 2, 3, 16, 141, 147, 148, 152, 154, 162, 166 things to try, 100 Library of Congress, 164 Internet Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (film) , 161 communities of peers online, 33 Life-stage perspectives on learning computer games, 2, 5, 6-7, 8, 12, 18, 106, 107, 109, adults, 146-151 156 children and youth, 30, 140-146 forums and other resources, 6, 23, 54, 163, 164 cohort effects, 155-157 learning activities, 2, 4, 33, 162, 183-184, 185 designing exhibits for, 46 personalized student websites, 172 senior citizens, 30-31, 139, 151-155 Web resources, 18, 34, 62, 79, 80, 101, 115, 137, things to try, 157-158 159, 164, 186 Lishness, Alan, 171 website design, 153 Lyndhurst Public Library, 154 ISEN-ASTC-L, 33 Lyon, Gabrielle, 145 J M Jacobs, Melanie, 74, 75 Magnitude X (exhibit)

Read the entire page →

From page 215...

... , 132-135 institutions and exhibits Native Waters (exhibit) , 119-120 access issues, 120, 121, 122-127, 152 Nature centers, 1, 7, 28, 40, 174 Active Prolonged Engagement exhibits, 15, 48-49, 50 New York Hall of Science, 37, 182 adult experiences, 147, 148, 152 North Carolina Museum of Life and Science, 131, 164 assessment of learning in, 66, 68, 71-72, 103-104, North Museum, 182 107, 112 NOVA scienceNOW program, 9, 11 connected learning experiences, 4, 162 cultural and political influences on science, 67 O cultural considerations, 120, 121, 122-127, 135 designing exhibits, 14, 15, 40, 52, 64, 83-87, 99, 112, Oglala Lakota College, 132 122-131, 152, 162, 182-183 Olstad, Roger, 167 diversity of staff, 121, 126 Ontario Science Center, 67 films, 81-82 Out-of-school-time programs generally, 1, 3, 16, 29, 88, 139, 140, 141, 166 assessment of, 114, 135, 179, 189-190 interactive exhibits, 40, 41-52, 65, 66, 130-131, 164, continuity with other venues, 139, 166 167-168, 185 coordination with formal curriculum, 176-179 interpretive materials, 40, 122, 129, 131 cultural elements, 132-135 215 Index

Read the entire page →

From page 216...

... See Scientific reasoning Reflection on science conversation and, 71 Pacific Science Center, 175, 181-182, 186 designing science experiences for, 13-14, 29, 38-39, Pajaro Valley Unified School District, 178-179 47 Parent-child interactions. See also Family settings strand 4, 27, 29, 38-39, 47, 55, 60, 71, 146 explanatory conversations, 73-76 Reginald Clark and Associates, 190 reinforcement of learning, 3 Reich, Christine, 130-131 resources to support, 74 Reiser, Robert, 65 undermining engagement, 74 Renninger, Ann, 87, 99 Pedretti, Erminia, 67 Restoring Environments and Landscapes (REAL)

Read the entire page →

From page 217...

... Louis Science Center, 48, 52, 53-54, 62, 78, 93, 109 LabVenture! program, 170-174, 179, 186 Storytelling, 56-60, 119 NSF evaluation framework, 110 Strands of science learning Scientific reasoning in assessments, 108-110, 179 conversation and, 66, 74 designing learning experiences, 31-32, 41-42, 47-48, designing activities for, 42, 47, 87 87 examples, 28, 92-93 framework, 26-31 interactive experiences, 41, 42, 66, 74 interconnectedness, 26, 92-93 naïve, 182 NSF evaluation framework compared, 109-110 NSF evaluation framework, 109 strand 1, see Interest and motivation opportunities for, 28, 47 strand 2, see Understanding content and knowledge process, 28-29, 47, 146 strand 3, see Scientific reasoning short-term vs.

Read the entire page →

From page 218...

... See Films and videos Television Vietnamese Audience Development Initiative, 123-126 conversational interaction during shows, 65, 77, 78 Vietnamese culture, 122, 123-127, 129 educational shows, 2, 3, 7, 15, 16, 56, 57-59, 75, Visitor Studies Association, 115 141, 146, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 183 Volunteering, 2, 3, 4, 6, 31, 44, 45, 65-66, 91, 97, 133, effect on learning, 166 175 entertainment shows as learning venues, 29 extended learning experiences, 56, 57-59, 161, 164, W 165, 183 interactivity, 40, 56, 57-59, 65 Wartella, Ellen, 65 Thirsty Scholar Pub, 8, 9-11 WGBH public television outreach, 8, 9, 10 Thogersen, Erik, 50, 51, 52, 66, 112 Wiehe, Ben, 9-11, 12 21st Century Learning Centers, 143 Wind River Reservation, 132 Twin Cities Public Television, 56 WolfQuest (game) , 5, 6-7, 8, 12, 18, 106, 107, 109, 156 U Y Understanding content and knowledge Yellowstone National Park, 6, 144-146 design of learning experiences and, 29, 41-42, 47, 52, Yelp, 164 86 examples, 27, 41-42 Z naïve understanding, 14, 38 persistence of, 42 Zoetrope exhibit, 73 prior knowledge and, 39-40 Zoos and aquariums strand 2, 7, 26-27, 41, 47, 52, 87, 110, 146, 179 after-school programs, 178 United Senior Center Hackensack, 154 assessment of learning experiences, 180-181 University of British Columbia, 180 diversity initiatives, 127 University of California at Santa Cruz, 188, 189 extended learning opportunities, 161, 183 University of Michigan, 182 generally, 2, 3 interactive components, 42 membership, 82 motivation for visiting, 82, 83, 93, 96-97 teacher training opportunities, 180 Surrounded by Science 218

Read the entire page →

← Previous Chapter Skim

Next Chapter Skim →

This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.

Index Pages 209-218

Index
Pages 209-218