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From page 155... ... Index A metadata and, 25, 26, 70, 85 methods or programs used to derive data, Access to research data. See also Open; 6, 63-64, 81, 85, 89 Sharing data national security issues, 5, 68-69, 83, 134, Bermuda statement, 60 136 confidentiality or privacy considerations, 5, OECD principles and guidelines, 59, 62 67 ownership issues, 5-6, 21, 73-79, 85-86, costs of limiting access, 70-71, 77-78 134, 135-136, 137, 138 cross-discipline diversity in, 5, 27, 63-64, Paris Guidelines, 88, 89 88, 90, 136 principles for enhancing access, 6, 82, 84 cyberinfrastructure and, 61-62, 83-84, 87, 86, 87, 88-90, 120 135 private/commercial interests, 6, 19, 26, 48, data mining tools, 20-21 69, 71-73, 86, 134-135 data professional's role, 90 professional organizations and, 91, 116-117 definition of accessibility, 26 public policy interests, 18, 71-73, 135, 141 economic considerations, 26, 59, 69-70, publicly funded research, 6, 74, 76-77, 78, 71-72, 85, 87, 89, 141 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 92-93, 141 educational considerations, 70 raw data, 80 federal policies, 48-49, 60-61, 62, 68-69, recommendations, 6-7, 87, 88, 90, 91 74, 78-79, 82-83, 91-92, 116-117 and reproducibility, 81, 93 geographic data and services, 75-76, 133- research field responsibilities, 87, 88-90, 134, 135-136, 138 136 institutional and research sponsor researcher responsibilities, 7, 85, 86-87, responsibilities, 7, 87, 90-91, 116-117, 116-117, 136 119 Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 52-53 and integrity of data, 5, 26, 42, 46-47, 63, Amazon, 106 64, 70, 81-82, 89, 137 America COMPETES Act of 2007, 82 international dimensions, 17, 35, 64, 66, American Association for the Advancement of 70, 75, 76-77, 79, 83-84 Science, 144-145 journal policies, 21, 38, 43, 61, 65, 78-79, American Association of Universities, 118 82-83, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 116-117, American Chemical Society, 39 135 American Economic Review, 39, 65 legal issues, 67, 71, 75, 80-82, 85, 141 American Geophysical Union, 38, 39 155 Read the entire page →
From page 156... ... , 66 Technology, 84 arXiv publication repository, 102 Committee on Government Relations, 118 Association of American Universities, 91 Committee on Institutional Cooperation, 118 Association of Public and Land-Grant Condensed-matter physics, 45 Universities, 91 Confidentiality or privacy considerations, 5, Association of Research Libraries, 91 67, 140 Astrobiology, 28 Consolidated Appropriations Act Astronomical sciences, 14-15, 16, 17, 64, 66, of 2001, 82 95, 141 of 2008, 79 Automatic Plate Measuring Facility, 14 Copyrights, 73, 74-75, 76, 78, 79, 85, 100, 140-141 Cornell University, 102 B Cosmic Background Explorer, 14 Cosmic Background Imager, 14 Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, 76 Council of Graduate Schools, 55 Bell Laboratories, 45 Council of Science Editors, 37 Biomedical Informatics Grid, 61 Council on Government Relations, 91 Biomedical Informatics Research Network, Creative Commons, 76 20, 61 Cyberinfrastructure Biomedical research, 68, 86, 93. See also and access to data, 61-62, 83-84, 87, 135 Clinical and stewardship, 9, 95, 96, 99-106, 113 Bit Torrent, 89 Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, 107, 113 D Boeing, 105 Boomerang (balloon-borne millimeter-wave Data, defined, 23 telescope) Read the entire page →
From page 157... ... See also Research data; individual European Community Directive on the Legal disciplines Protection of Databases, 75 ownership, 73 European Southern Observatory, 64 projected growth, 12, 13 Experimental data, 1, 13, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, quantity, 1, 11-12, 13, 29, 84-85 26, 27, 29, 35, 40, 42, 45, 64, 67, 109, risks to reliability, 96-99 136 transfer rates, 11 Extramural grants, federal policies on, 52-53 trends, 14-15 units of size, 11, 12 Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, F 75, 140 Federal policies Digital networks, 83-84 on access, 48-49, 60-61, 62, 68-69, 74, 78Digital technology 79, 82-83, 91-92 in astronomy, 14-15 on integrity, 52-53 challenges posed by, 1-2, 19, 22, 74-75 on stewardship, 79, 104-106, 113, 133-134, computing power, 11-12, 20 137 and copyrights, 74-75 Federation of American Societies for education impacts, 18 Experimental Biology, 38, 39 and integrity of data, 1, 3-4, 21, 33-34, 37, Fischer, Paul, 71-72 44, 46-50 Fluxes Over Snow Surfaces Project, 30 in neurosciences, 20-21 Food and Drug Administration, 48 public policy implications, 18 Fostering Integrity in Research, Scholarship, research impacts, 1, 12-18, 20-21, 34-35, and Teaching, 56 44, 51, 55-56, 57-58, 85, 139, 140 Freedom of Information Act, 80 sensors and sensor networks, 11, 16-17 simulations and mathematical modeling, 1, 17, 20 G and stewardship, 1-2, 19, 22, 27 storage devices, 11 Galaxy Redshift Surveys, 14 Diversity of data Galaxy Surveys, 14 in collection types, 29, 30 GenBank, 3, 46, 47, 52, 83, 104 cross-disciplinary, 27-28 Gene expression data, 20 in origins, 28-29 General Accounting Office, 81 DNA. See also Genomic data Genomic data, 16, 20, 60-61, 69, 77-78, 95, "junk," 41 96, 134, 136 Geographic data and services, 75-76, 133-134, 135-136 Georgia Open Records Act, 71 Geosciences, 98, 138 Read the entire page →
From page 158... ... 158 INDEX GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Trial Register, 48 metadata and, 42, 46, 50 Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 84 open and public reviews, 46 Global Earth Observation System of Systems, in particle physics, 34-35, 47 84 peer review, 2, 3, 7, 22 n.17, 24, 33, 35, 39, Google, 106 42, 43-44, 46-47, 52, 55, 79, 133, 137 Government Accountability Office, 82 principle, 4, 51, 120 Government-Industry Data Exchange producer's role, 40, 42, 116 Program, 105 provider's role, 41, 42, 116 Grid computing, 61 quality control measures, 35, 44-50, 138 recommendations, 4-5, 54, 57, 58 and reproducibility of research results, 2, H 26, 29, 33, 45 researchers' obligations, 26, 39-40, 45, 51Health Insurance Portability and 54, 116, 119, 133 Accountability Act, 68, 110 standards, 25, 35-36, 44, 45, 50, 54-55, 56Health records data, 49, 68 57, 138, 142 High-energy physics. See Particle physics threats to, 2-3, 19, 33-34, 39-40, 96-99 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 77 training for researchers, 4-5, 44, 54-56 Human Brain Dynamics Resource data, 105 user's role, 41, 42, 116 Humanities research, 66 Interagency Working Group on Digital Data, Hwang, Woo Suk, 44 9, 107-108 Interdisciplinary research, 1, 6-7, 9, 17, 28, 44, 57, 60, 70, 141 I Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IDEALS repository, 102-103 72 Information Quality Act of 2001, 80, 81, 82, International Council of Scientific Unions, 84 137 International dimensions of access, 17, 35, 64, Institute of Electrical and Electronics 66, 70, 75, 76-77, 79, 83-84 Engineers, 39 International Federation of Digital Institute of Medicine, 55 Seismograph Networks, 84 Integrity of research data International Geophysical Year, 83 accessibility and, 5, 26, 42, 46-47, 63, 64, International Nucleotide Sequence Database 70, 81-82, 137 Collaboration, 84 in clinical research, 2, 4, 47, 48-49, 141 International Virtual Observatory Alliance, 84 collective scrutiny of data and results, 41- Inter-University Consortium for Political and 43, 47 Social Research, 99-101, 102, 113 contextual documentation, 3, 42-43, 45, Intramural research, federal policies, 52-53 46-47, 63-64 Invisible colleges, 28 data professionals' responsibilities and Ithaka, 112 roles, 5, 50, 57-58, 116 decentralized approach, 57 defined, 2, 25-26 J digital technology to enhance reliability, 1, Journal of Cell Biology, 35-37, 39, 40, 150-153 3-4, 21, 33-34, 37, 44, 46-50 Journals economic issues, 43, 44 access policies, 21, 38, 43, 61, 65, 78-79, economics research, 47, 50 82-83, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 135 federal policies, 52-53, 116, 137 confirmatory studies in, 65 inappropriate manipulation, 3, 5, 35-36, copyrights, 78-79 37, 38-39, 40, 44 data manipulation policies, 3, 5, 35-37, 38, journal policies, 3, 5, 35-37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 39, 40, 43 116 as data providers, 41 Read the entire page →
From page 159... ... See Research misconduct Neurosciences, 13, 20-21, 99, 105 Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, 89 New England Journal of Medicine, 39 Molecular Dynamics Simulation Data, 105 Moore, Gordon, 11 Moore's law, 11, 96 Multidisciplinary research, 28 O myGrid, 61 Observational data, 2, 17, 22, 23, 26, 28, 33, 40, 42, 48, 64, 67, 106, 109 Read the entire page →
From page 160... ... See also Integrity of research data database protections, 73-74, 75, 76, 140-141 digital technologies and, 74-75 fair use exceptions, 74 R journals, 78-79 Raw data licensing, 75-76, 77-78, 135-136 access to, 15, 74, 80 patents, 6, 25, 69, 76-78, 85-86, 134 defined, 25 publicly funded research, 74, 76-77, 78 stewardship, 25, 45, 106 trade secrecy, 77 Raytheon, 105 Reagan, Ronald, 68 Recommendations P access to data, 6-7, 87, 88, 90, 91 integrity of research data, 4-5, 54, 57, 58 Palimpsest, 106 stewardship, 8-9, 110, 111, 113 Paris Guidelines, 88, 89 Remote sensing data, 40, 75, 138, 139 Particle physics, 12-13, 34-35, 42, 47, 64, 131 Reproducibility of research results Patents, 6, 25, 69, 76-78, 85-86, 134 access to data and, 81, 93 Peer review, 2, 3, 7, 22 n.17, 24, 33, 35, 39, 42, defined, 81 43-44, 46-47, 52, 55, 79, 133, 137 integrity of data and, 2, 26, 29, 33, 45 Pennsylvania State University, 71 Research Councils of the United Kingdom, 84 Physics, 27, 45, 102. See also Particle physics Research data. Read the entire page →
From page 161... ... See also Rural Economy and Land Use Program (UK) , Databases 66 annotating data for long-term use, 8, 21, 22, 25, 95, 99, 106-107, 110 in astronomy, 95 S for broad research enterprise, 107-108 challenges, 8, 103 Sage, 86 collaborations, 103, 113 San Diego Supercomputer Center, 105 companies, 106 Schön, Jan Hendrik, 45 defined, 27, 95 Science, 38, 44, 144-149 disciplinary depositories, 27, 100, 102 Science Commons, 76 economic issues, 7-8, 21, 22, 98-99, 105Seoul National University, 44 106, 113, 119 Sharing data. Read the entire page →
From page 162... ... program, V 104-105 Virtual team science, 61 Visible and Infrared Telescope for Astronomy, 14 T Terminology accessibility, 26 W integrity, 25-26 WebCaret, 20-21 metadata, 24 Wellcome Trust, 61, 83 processed data, 25 Wikis, 46, 63 raw data, 25 Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, 14 research data, 22-24 World Data Center system, 83 standardization of, 49 World Intellectual Property Organization stewardship, 27 treaty, 75 Trace Archive, 95, 96 Training for researchers, 54-56 Tranche, 89 Two-degree–Field (2dF) Galaxy Redshift Y Survey, 14 Yale University, 150-153 U University of California at Davis, 55 University of California at San Diego, 105 Read the entire page →

From page 155...

... Index A metadata and, 25, 26, 70, 85 methods or programs used to derive data, Access to research data. See also Open; 6, 63-64, 81, 85, 89 Sharing data national security issues, 5, 68-69, 83, 134, Bermuda statement, 60 136 confidentiality or privacy considerations, 5, OECD principles and guidelines, 59, 62 67 ownership issues, 5-6, 21, 73-79, 85-86, costs of limiting access, 70-71, 77-78 134, 135-136, 137, 138 cross-discipline diversity in, 5, 27, 63-64, Paris Guidelines, 88, 89 88, 90, 136 principles for enhancing access, 6, 82, 84 cyberinfrastructure and, 61-62, 83-84, 87, 86, 87, 88-90, 120 135 private/commercial interests, 6, 19, 26, 48, data mining tools, 20-21 69, 71-73, 86, 134-135 data professional's role, 90 professional organizations and, 91, 116-117 definition of accessibility, 26 public policy interests, 18, 71-73, 135, 141 economic considerations, 26, 59, 69-70, publicly funded research, 6, 74, 76-77, 78, 71-72, 85, 87, 89, 141 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 92-93, 141 educational considerations, 70 raw data, 80 federal policies, 48-49, 60-61, 62, 68-69, recommendations, 6-7, 87, 88, 90, 91 74, 78-79, 82-83, 91-92, 116-117 and reproducibility, 81, 93 geographic data and services, 75-76, 133- research field responsibilities, 87, 88-90, 134, 135-136, 138 136 institutional and research sponsor researcher responsibilities, 7, 85, 86-87, responsibilities, 7, 87, 90-91, 116-117, 116-117, 136 119 Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 52-53 and integrity of data, 5, 26, 42, 46-47, 63, Amazon, 106 64, 70, 81-82, 89, 137 America COMPETES Act of 2007, 82 international dimensions, 17, 35, 64, 66, American Association for the Advancement of 70, 75, 76-77, 79, 83-84 Science, 144-145 journal policies, 21, 38, 43, 61, 65, 78-79, American Association of Universities, 118 82-83, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 116-117, American Chemical Society, 39 135 American Economic Review, 39, 65 legal issues, 67, 71, 75, 80-82, 85, 141 American Geophysical Union, 38, 39 155

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From page 156...

... , 66 Technology, 84 arXiv publication repository, 102 Committee on Government Relations, 118 Association of American Universities, 91 Committee on Institutional Cooperation, 118 Association of Public and Land-Grant Condensed-matter physics, 45 Universities, 91 Confidentiality or privacy considerations, 5, Association of Research Libraries, 91 67, 140 Astrobiology, 28 Consolidated Appropriations Act Astronomical sciences, 14-15, 16, 17, 64, 66, of 2001, 82 95, 141 of 2008, 79 Automatic Plate Measuring Facility, 14 Copyrights, 73, 74-75, 76, 78, 79, 85, 100, 140-141 Cornell University, 102 B Cosmic Background Explorer, 14 Cosmic Background Imager, 14 Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, 76 Council of Graduate Schools, 55 Bell Laboratories, 45 Council of Science Editors, 37 Biomedical Informatics Grid, 61 Council on Government Relations, 91 Biomedical Informatics Research Network, Creative Commons, 76 20, 61 Cyberinfrastructure Biomedical research, 68, 86, 93. See also and access to data, 61-62, 83-84, 87, 135 Clinical and stewardship, 9, 95, 96, 99-106, 113 Bit Torrent, 89 Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, 107, 113 D Boeing, 105 Boomerang (balloon-borne millimeter-wave Data, defined, 23 telescope)

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From page 157...

... See also Research data; individual European Community Directive on the Legal disciplines Protection of Databases, 75 ownership, 73 European Southern Observatory, 64 projected growth, 12, 13 Experimental data, 1, 13, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, quantity, 1, 11-12, 13, 29, 84-85 26, 27, 29, 35, 40, 42, 45, 64, 67, 109, risks to reliability, 96-99 136 transfer rates, 11 Extramural grants, federal policies on, 52-53 trends, 14-15 units of size, 11, 12 Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, F 75, 140 Federal policies Digital networks, 83-84 on access, 48-49, 60-61, 62, 68-69, 74, 78Digital technology 79, 82-83, 91-92 in astronomy, 14-15 on integrity, 52-53 challenges posed by, 1-2, 19, 22, 74-75 on stewardship, 79, 104-106, 113, 133-134, computing power, 11-12, 20 137 and copyrights, 74-75 Federation of American Societies for education impacts, 18 Experimental Biology, 38, 39 and integrity of data, 1, 3-4, 21, 33-34, 37, Fischer, Paul, 71-72 44, 46-50 Fluxes Over Snow Surfaces Project, 30 in neurosciences, 20-21 Food and Drug Administration, 48 public policy implications, 18 Fostering Integrity in Research, Scholarship, research impacts, 1, 12-18, 20-21, 34-35, and Teaching, 56 44, 51, 55-56, 57-58, 85, 139, 140 Freedom of Information Act, 80 sensors and sensor networks, 11, 16-17 simulations and mathematical modeling, 1, 17, 20 G and stewardship, 1-2, 19, 22, 27 storage devices, 11 Galaxy Redshift Surveys, 14 Diversity of data Galaxy Surveys, 14 in collection types, 29, 30 GenBank, 3, 46, 47, 52, 83, 104 cross-disciplinary, 27-28 Gene expression data, 20 in origins, 28-29 General Accounting Office, 81 DNA. See also Genomic data Genomic data, 16, 20, 60-61, 69, 77-78, 95, "junk," 41 96, 134, 136 Geographic data and services, 75-76, 133-134, 135-136 Georgia Open Records Act, 71 Geosciences, 98, 138

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From page 158...

... 158 INDEX GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Trial Register, 48 metadata and, 42, 46, 50 Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 84 open and public reviews, 46 Global Earth Observation System of Systems, in particle physics, 34-35, 47 84 peer review, 2, 3, 7, 22 n.17, 24, 33, 35, 39, Google, 106 42, 43-44, 46-47, 52, 55, 79, 133, 137 Government Accountability Office, 82 principle, 4, 51, 120 Government-Industry Data Exchange producer's role, 40, 42, 116 Program, 105 provider's role, 41, 42, 116 Grid computing, 61 quality control measures, 35, 44-50, 138 recommendations, 4-5, 54, 57, 58 and reproducibility of research results, 2, H 26, 29, 33, 45 researchers' obligations, 26, 39-40, 45, 51Health Insurance Portability and 54, 116, 119, 133 Accountability Act, 68, 110 standards, 25, 35-36, 44, 45, 50, 54-55, 56Health records data, 49, 68 57, 138, 142 High-energy physics. See Particle physics threats to, 2-3, 19, 33-34, 39-40, 96-99 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 77 training for researchers, 4-5, 44, 54-56 Human Brain Dynamics Resource data, 105 user's role, 41, 42, 116 Humanities research, 66 Interagency Working Group on Digital Data, Hwang, Woo Suk, 44 9, 107-108 Interdisciplinary research, 1, 6-7, 9, 17, 28, 44, 57, 60, 70, 141 I Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IDEALS repository, 102-103 72 Information Quality Act of 2001, 80, 81, 82, International Council of Scientific Unions, 84 137 International dimensions of access, 17, 35, 64, Institute of Electrical and Electronics 66, 70, 75, 76-77, 79, 83-84 Engineers, 39 International Federation of Digital Institute of Medicine, 55 Seismograph Networks, 84 Integrity of research data International Geophysical Year, 83 accessibility and, 5, 26, 42, 46-47, 63, 64, International Nucleotide Sequence Database 70, 81-82, 137 Collaboration, 84 in clinical research, 2, 4, 47, 48-49, 141 International Virtual Observatory Alliance, 84 collective scrutiny of data and results, 41- Inter-University Consortium for Political and 43, 47 Social Research, 99-101, 102, 113 contextual documentation, 3, 42-43, 45, Intramural research, federal policies, 52-53 46-47, 63-64 Invisible colleges, 28 data professionals' responsibilities and Ithaka, 112 roles, 5, 50, 57-58, 116 decentralized approach, 57 defined, 2, 25-26 J digital technology to enhance reliability, 1, Journal of Cell Biology, 35-37, 39, 40, 150-153 3-4, 21, 33-34, 37, 44, 46-50 Journals economic issues, 43, 44 access policies, 21, 38, 43, 61, 65, 78-79, economics research, 47, 50 82-83, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 135 federal policies, 52-53, 116, 137 confirmatory studies in, 65 inappropriate manipulation, 3, 5, 35-36, copyrights, 78-79 37, 38-39, 40, 44 data manipulation policies, 3, 5, 35-37, 38, journal policies, 3, 5, 35-37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 39, 40, 43 116 as data providers, 41

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From page 159...

... See Research misconduct Neurosciences, 13, 20-21, 99, 105 Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, 89 New England Journal of Medicine, 39 Molecular Dynamics Simulation Data, 105 Moore, Gordon, 11 Moore's law, 11, 96 Multidisciplinary research, 28 O myGrid, 61 Observational data, 2, 17, 22, 23, 26, 28, 33, 40, 42, 48, 64, 67, 106, 109

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From page 160...

... See also Integrity of research data database protections, 73-74, 75, 76, 140-141 digital technologies and, 74-75 fair use exceptions, 74 R journals, 78-79 Raw data licensing, 75-76, 77-78, 135-136 access to, 15, 74, 80 patents, 6, 25, 69, 76-78, 85-86, 134 defined, 25 publicly funded research, 74, 76-77, 78 stewardship, 25, 45, 106 trade secrecy, 77 Raytheon, 105 Reagan, Ronald, 68 Recommendations P access to data, 6-7, 87, 88, 90, 91 integrity of research data, 4-5, 54, 57, 58 Palimpsest, 106 stewardship, 8-9, 110, 111, 113 Paris Guidelines, 88, 89 Remote sensing data, 40, 75, 138, 139 Particle physics, 12-13, 34-35, 42, 47, 64, 131 Reproducibility of research results Patents, 6, 25, 69, 76-78, 85-86, 134 access to data and, 81, 93 Peer review, 2, 3, 7, 22 n.17, 24, 33, 35, 39, 42, defined, 81 43-44, 46-47, 52, 55, 79, 133, 137 integrity of data and, 2, 26, 29, 33, 45 Pennsylvania State University, 71 Research Councils of the United Kingdom, 84 Physics, 27, 45, 102. See also Particle physics Research data.

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From page 161...

... See also Rural Economy and Land Use Program (UK) , Databases 66 annotating data for long-term use, 8, 21, 22, 25, 95, 99, 106-107, 110 in astronomy, 95 S for broad research enterprise, 107-108 challenges, 8, 103 Sage, 86 collaborations, 103, 113 San Diego Supercomputer Center, 105 companies, 106 Schön, Jan Hendrik, 45 defined, 27, 95 Science, 38, 44, 144-149 disciplinary depositories, 27, 100, 102 Science Commons, 76 economic issues, 7-8, 21, 22, 98-99, 105Seoul National University, 44 106, 113, 119 Sharing data.

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From page 162...

... program, V 104-105 Virtual team science, 61 Visible and Infrared Telescope for Astronomy, 14 T Terminology accessibility, 26 W integrity, 25-26 WebCaret, 20-21 metadata, 24 Wellcome Trust, 61, 83 processed data, 25 Wikis, 46, 63 raw data, 25 Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, 14 research data, 22-24 World Data Center system, 83 standardization of, 49 World Intellectual Property Organization stewardship, 27 treaty, 75 Trace Archive, 95, 96 Training for researchers, 54-56 Tranche, 89 Two-degree–Field (2dF) Galaxy Redshift Y Survey, 14 Yale University, 150-153 U University of California at Davis, 55 University of California at San Diego, 105

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Index Pages 155-162

Index
Pages 155-162