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Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune Assessing Potential Health Effects (2009) / Chapter Skim
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7 Integration of Findings from the Toxicologic and Epidemiologic Literature
Pages 180-183

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From page 180...
... The relevance of the animal data to humans is dependent on those factors as well as a number of toxicokinetic and dynamic factors, and they must be weighed carefully in evaluating the potential for environmental exposures to cause various health effects in humans. In the following sections, the human and animal toxicologic data are discussed briefly for those health outcomes for which some information was available from both types of evidence.
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From page 181...
... A series of case-control studies of chronic glomerulonephritis in relation to solvent exposure have generated mixed evidence regarding an association; several reasonably strong positive studies showed doseresponse gradients. Reproductive Outcomes The committee found independent toxicologic and epidemiologic evidence of associations between exposure to solvents and reproductive outcomes, but there was limited convergence for specific reproductive end points.
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From page 182...
... Epidemiologic evidence provides some indication that solvent exposure during but not before pregnancy is associated with miscarriage but not with preterm birth or reduced birth weight, and there is no direct evidence on perinatal mortality. Although specific parallels between reduced litter size and perinatal mortality in rodent models and increased miscarriage in humans should not be drawn, the data suggest some corroboration of adverse reproductive effects of exposure during gestation.
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From page 183...
... Although other health end points with less support from the existing literature should not be excluded from consideration, such findings are more likely to reflect random error if not supported by additional contexts in the literature.
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Key Terms

  • epidemiologic evidence
  • solvent exposure
  • kidney cancer
  • epidemiologic studies
  • toxicologic data

  • pregnancy outcomes
  • epidemiologic literature
  • congenital malformations
  • provide strong
  • sufficient evidence

  • perinatal mortality
  • little evidence
  • toxicity studies
  • adverse pregnancy
  • data provide

  • lung cancer
  • maternal exposure
  • studies indicate
  • various health
  • rats exposed

  • animal toxicologic
  • species differences
  • animal data
  • animal toxicity
  • strong evidence

  • nonspecific solvents
  • modulate existing
  • evidence suggested
  • increased miscarriage
  • pce exposure


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