Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research (2009) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 11-30
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From page 11... ...
, responding to public concerns that pet animals were being obtained from owners under fraudulent circumstances introduced in 2007 the Pet Safety and Protection Act (Senate Bill 714 and House of Representatives Bill 1280) , "To amend the Animal Welfare Act to ensure that all dogs and cats used by research facilities are obtained legally." The bill was intended to ensure that dogs and cats used in research and education are not pets brokered through Class B dealers of random source animals, and would also establish monetary penalties for violations.
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formed the Committee on Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats (see Appendix A for biographies)
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Determine the important biomedical research questions and common research topics in contemporary NIHfunded research where Class B dogs and cats are desirable/necessary as well as the frequency of these various research topics (i.e. number of grants where the potential exists or the source of the animal is identified as coming from a Class B source)
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From page 14... ...
: means any live or dead dog, cat, nonhuman primate, guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or any other warm-blooded animal, which is being used, or is intended for use for research, teaching, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet. This term excludes birds, rats of the genus Rattus, and mice of the genus Mus, bred for use in research; horses not used for research purposes; and other farm animals, such as, but not limited to livestock or poultry, used or intended for use as food or fiber, or livestock or poultry used or intended for use for improving animal nutrition, breeding, management or production efficiency, or for improving the quality of food or fiber.
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From page 15... ...
This term is not defined in the AWR, but it is defined in the USDA/APHIS Animal Care Resource Dealer Inspec tion Guide.2 • Mongrel: a random or non-random source dog of mixed or inde terminate breed. • Inspection manuals: internal USDA documents which provide spe cific instructions and definitions for USDA inspectors to use during their inspections.
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From page 16... ...
Only a Class B dealer is permitted to acquire random source dogs and cats for resale. The statement of task specifically involves uSDA Class B Laboratory Animal Dealers of Live Random Source and Non-Random Source Dogs and Cats.
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5 define standards and requirements for animal care and use programs, including research facility registration, establishment and responsibilities of institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs) , requirements for attending veterinarians and veterinary care, record keeping, reporting, and procurement, handling, care, treatment, and transportation of research animals.
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It provides guidelines on institutional policies and responsibilities, and performance-based standards for animal environment, housing, management, veterinary care, and physical plant. As noted above, PHS Policy requires research institutions to base their programs of animal care and use on the Guide.
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Goernment Principles is mandated by the PHS Policy and recommended by the Guide. Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC International)
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Class B dealers may obtain live random source dogs and cats only from (1) Another licensed dealer (this includes auction houses, see below)
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From page 21... ...
; • Any person who derives no more than $500 gross income from the annual sale to exhibitors, dealers, or pet stores of animals other than wild or exotic animals, dogs or cats, and dogs or cats sold to research; • Any person who maintains three or fewer breeding females of dogs, cats, and/or small exotic or wild mammals sold as pets or for exhibition; • Any person who sells fewer than 25 dogs and/or cats that were bred and raised on their premises per year; 9 Title 9 – Animals and Animal Products. Chapter 1 – APHIS USDA Subchapter A – Animal Welfare Part 2 – Regulations, Subpart a – Licensing.
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From page 22... ...
Proisions Regarding Animal Dealers10 states that "Anyone importing, buying, selling, or trading laboratory animals, either directly to research institutions or through other dealers, must be licensed. This licensing requirement includes "bunchers," who supply dealers with dogs, cats, and other regulated animals collected from random sources .
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According to the AWR Sec. 2.133, the sources from which Class B dealers may obtain random source dogs and cats from (another licensed dealer, pound or shelter; Sec.
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Although the regulations clearly state the sources from which Class B dealers may obtain animals, there remains a public perception that Class B dealers obtain lost, stolen, or fraudulently acquired pets. Given the public concern regarding random source dogs and cats sold to research facilities, the USDA has maintained a heightened awareness of these particular licensees (Letter to the Committee from Chester Gipson, October 2008)
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During an inspection of a Class B dealer, the inspector will determine whether the acquisition and disposition records meet all of the requirements set forth in AWR Sec.
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. Each member of the Committee dealt with mental images and writings spanning more than 40 years on this topic and considered the information in the context of American culture, laws, regulations, practices, and science related to the care and use of laboratory animals.
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From page 27... ...
USDA Class B licensed dealers may operate in different capacities such as dealing in animals destined for the pet industry or for exhibition, or brokering animals for laboratory research. Furthermore, some Class B dealers do not deal with live animals, and some Class B Laboratory Animal Dealers broker live 11 Percentages are estimates based on USDA data both in references cited and provided to the committee.
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Section 1.1. Source: Animal Care Annual Report of Actiities, Fiscal Year 200, United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Serice APHIS 41–3–0 (2001-200)
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From page 29... ...
The Committee emphasizes the narrow focus of this perspective, which does not address the role of random source animals for industry, education, training, or veterinary medical and other basic research. In an effort to place these issues into their proper perspective, this report provides specific definitions of dealers of dogs and cats, summarizes the various laws, principles and guidelines that pertain to the use of dogs and cats in research and which are crucial to understanding the nuances of the USDA regulations (Chapter 1)
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