Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research (2009) / Chapter Skim
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2 Use of Dogs and Cats in Research: Public Perception and Evolution of Laws and Guidelines
2 Use of Dogs and Cats in Research: Public Perception and Evolution of Laws and Guidelines
Pages 31-44
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From page 31... ...
Over the years the public's concern about the welfare of research animals, and dogs and cats in particular, has been instrumental in the development of laws, guidelines, and policies that affect research with all types of animals. It is thus not possible to accurately assess the desirability and necessity of using random source dogs and cats, and in particular those from Class B dealers, for research without taking into account public perceptions, the impact of the animal protection movement both on public attitudes and on the availability of these animals for research, changing trends in the use of animal models for research, and responses of the scientific community to all of these factors.
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From page 32... ...
This chapter provides a review of these issues to set the context for subsequent chapters that focus on the use of random source animals, and animals from Class B dealers in NIH-funded research. PuBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF DOgS AND CATS AND OF THEIR uSE IN RESEARCH The public's perception of their pets, and of animals in general, has been one of the main driving forces behind the legislation that created and refined the Animal Welfare Act (AWA)
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From page 33... ...
, it BOX 2-1 Using Caution with Survey Results Information on public perceptions is generally derived from a variety of sources, most of which may be subject to bias. Polls and surveys conducted by special inter est groups (which in the case of this report are likely to be either animal protection ist groups or scientific organizations)
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From page 34... ...
Since the beginning of the animal protection movement in Europe in the early 1800s up through the present, the iconic species that continue to capture public sympathy are the dog, cat, horse, and nonhuman primate.
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From page 35... ...
Over the years, however, the scientific community has evolved the view that healthy and well-maintained animals are beneficial to and necessary for quality research and, indeed, has promulgated voluntary compliance beyond that which is mandated by law. Since the early 1950s -- well before the 1966 Laboratory Animal Welfare Act and the 1985 Research Animals Congressional Mandate10 -- the biomedical research community has engaged in organized efforts to improve and ensure the humane care and use of animals in research.
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From page 36... ...
In 1961 NIH funded a contract to the Animal Care Panel (now AALAS) to "determine and establish a professional standard for laboratory animal care and facilities." The Panel appointed a Committee on Ethical Considerations in the Care of Laboratory Animals and a Professional Standards Committee to evaluate laboratory animal care and use, and their efforts, in collaboration with ILAR, resulted in the 1963 publication of the Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care (precursor to the ILAR Guide; reviewed in NRC 1996)
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From page 37... ...
, all of which work to educate the public about the importance of animals in research. EFFECTS OF ANIMAL PROTECTION ACTIVITIES ON CLASS B DEALERS AND ON SCIENTIFIC ACCESS TO RANDOM SOuRCE DOgS AND CATS Despite improvements in the biomedical research community, the use of random source dogs and cats, and animals from Class B dealers, remains a divisive and publicly visible issue.
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From page 38... ...
In the 1940s, the National Society for Medical Research helped various states formulate "pound release laws," requiring states and local municipalities to have their animal shelters relinquish unclaimed cats and dogs to biomedical research institutions for experimentation and teaching. Minnesota passed such a law in 1949; other states soon followed.
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From page 39... ...
Johnson on August 24 of that year. The Act established standards for the care, housing, sale, and transportation of dogs, cats, and other animals kept by animal dealers and laboratories (it defined "animal" to include only dogs, cats, nonhuman primates, guinea pigs, hamsters, and rabbits, which were thus the so-called "covered species")
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From page 40... ...
99198;21 also known as the Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act) defines humane care to include specific criteria such as sanitation, ventilation, and housing.
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From page 41... ...
, mandating establishment by the PHS of an overarching Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (PHS Policy)
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From page 42... ...
The Pet Safety and Protection Act of 2007 became the impetus for Congress to charge the NIH to determine the humane and scientific issues associated with the use of random source dogs and cats in research. In turn, NIH asked the National Academies to assemble this committee of experts to compile a report that addresses the statement of task found in this document.
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From page 43... ...
Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Journal.
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From page 44... ...
1988. Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Beha ioral Research.
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