Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats in Research (2009) / Chapter Skim
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. In Chapter 3, this report provides detailed overviews of the characteristics of random source animals as they relate to the suitability of such animals for biomedical research.
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charged the National Academies to critically examine the general desirability and necessity of using random source dogs and cats in NIHfunded research, and the specific necessity of using dogs and cats from Class B dealers for such research. MANDATE AND STATEMENT OF TASK FOR THE REPORT As a result of the Fiscal Year 2008 House Appropriations Committee Report 110-231 and Fiscal Year 2008 Senate Appropriations Committee Report 110-107 regarding appropriations to the Department of Health and Human Services, with the Pet Safety and Protection Act of 2007 as an additional impetus, Congress charged the NIH with determining the humane and scientific issues associated with the use of random source1 dogs and cats in research.
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The NIH, as the sponsor of this report, negotiated the Statement of Task with the National Academies, which, through its Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) , appointed an authoritative committee of experts in biomedical research, animal behavior, animal welfare, and veterinary medicine.
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The specific group of interest for this study is the latter, which buys and sells live random source dogs and cats for biomedical research. It is important to emphasize that this report addresses only those few Class B dealers -- 11 of them at last count -- that acquire and sell live random source dogs and cats for research and teaching.
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Regardless of the source however, if NIH deems animals with random source qualities to be important, proactive mechanisms to assure continued access to alternative sources, as well as consideration of additional options, are essential for the advancement of both human and animal research. One argument for the use of random source dogs and cats is that they come from a genetically diverse base within the general dog and cat populations and comprise many highly valuable genetic models of human disease.
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The Committee was unable to specifically identify research projects that used Class B animals, since NIH does not maintain records of the specific sources or numbers of research animals nor of grants that use Class B animals, and individual grants and publications do not identify sources of animals. However, the Committee found that it is not necessary to obtain random source dogs and cats for NIH research from Class B dealers, provided that alternative sources of animals with similar characteristics can continue to be assured.
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This program serves as an example in which the public willingly contributes animals for research in order to advance both animal and human health, and fosters a positive public image for NIH. In order to assure continued availability of various types of dogs and cats in the absence of Class B dealers, the Committee recommends that NIH undertake an effort to explore new potential sources of random source dogs and cats to meet important biomedical research needs, including the following options:
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CONCLuDINg STATEMENT Although the statement of task for this Committee initially appeared straightforward, the Committee soon realized that its task is deeply entwined with perceptions of both the public and scientific communities, increasing but as yet not completely effective efforts by USDA to assure the public trust, declining trends in the use of dogs and cats in research, and declining trends in the numbers of Class B dealers. Although random source dogs and cats represent a very small percentage of animals used in biomedical research, this small number is not commensurate with their potential value, and it is desirable to assure continued access to animals with random source qualities.
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APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, a division of USDA APS American Physiological Society ASPCA American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals AVMA American Veterinary Medical Association AWA Animal Welfare Act AWI Animal Welfare Institute AWR Animal Welfare Regulations HSUS Humane Society of the United States IACUC Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee ILAR Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (National Academies) MISMR Michigan Society for Medical Research NABR National Association for Biomedical Research NIH National Institutes of Health OLAW Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare/NIH PHS Public Health Service SOP Standard Operating Procedure USDA United States Department of Agriculture WHO World Health Organization 3R's Overarching principles of animal-based research: replacement, refinement, and reduction
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