The U.S. Commitment to Global Health Recommendations for the Public and Private Sectors (2009) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
5 Increase U.S. Financial Commitments to Global Health
5 Increase U.S. Financial Commitments to Global Health
Pages 131-152
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 131... ...
New threats such as pandemics and chronic diseases have altered the disease burden of these countries, even as the financial crisis has weakened their economies further. External assistance from donors will be essential if low-income countries are to reach the globally recognized Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
|
From page 132... ...
Countries relying on revenue from commodity exports and foreign direct investment will need external assistance and conces sional borrowing as export prices plummet and foreign direct investment dries up. With governments unable to maintain critical expenditures on social safety nets, human development, and critical infrastructure, the plight of the poor in low- and middle-income countries is set to worsen.
|
From page 133... ...
. The level of investment needed to deliver individual-level and population-based care, to build institutions and systems, and to conduct health research will require both significant and sus tained investment by bilateral and multilateral agencies and greater exploration of innovative financing models.
|
From page 134... ...
Commitments to Achieve Health-Related MDGs In 2002, the United Nations (UN) Millennium Project estimated that total overseas development assistance (ODA)
|
From page 135... ...
20 0.18 0.18 0. 2 0.1 0.0 en g ay k Ir e s Be nd Fi m d n m i t z t r ia Fr d er e y C lia Ze d a Po d G al e ly St n es an ar nd ai te p a ur n an c an ec Ita g iu do ra w at an la ew a n a ed la Sp r tu m Sw us bo m lg rla re ni Ja nl al or er st ng Sw en A m N Au he Ki d G D xe et d Lu N te N U ni U FIGURE 5-2 Net official development assistance (2008)
|
From page 136... ...
, and malaria received $19.7 billion, far outpacing support for other health programs. This dramatic increase was a result of new commitments to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (the Global Fund)
|
From page 137... ...
grams in support of health systems strengthening, children and women's health, nutrition, family planning and reproductive health, and neglected diseases of poverty, all of which have been severely underresourced during the past decade.
|
From page 138... ...
Even though chronic diseases account for nearly half of the disease burden in low- and middle-income countries (Beaglehole et al., 2007) , virtually no USAID programs address chronic or noncommunicable diseases (Greenberg et al., 2005)
|
From page 139... ...
Health and Nutrition (5%) TB Family Planning and Repro Health 27% Cardiovascular $162 million $467 million Maternal and Child Health Disease (2 %)
|
From page 140... ...
. With PEPFAR usually providing more than three-quarters of the total external AIDS spending, and presumably at least as large a share of treatment spending in any recipient country, AIDS treatment entitlements are incumbent upon the United States more than on any other donor or group of donors (Over, 2008)
|
From page 141... ...
For example, under a currently operating USAID-funded scheme in Haiti, nongovernmental health providers agree to reach certain targets such as the proportion of children fully immunized, the proportion of new mothers with assisted deliveries, and the proportion of pregnant women receiving prenatal care. Ninety percent of the payment to the health providers is fixed, but the remainder is made on the condition of good performance.
|
From page 142... ...
. Be Open to Innovative Financing Innovative finance for health offers new opportunities for multilateral financing of global health initiatives and includes new or newly applied financial instruments as well as the institutions developed to implement them.
|
From page 143... ...
The U.S. government should use the remaining $3.4 billion per year to support programs such as health systems strengthening, children and women's health, nutrition, family planning and reproductive health, and neglected diseases of poverty, all of which have been severely underresourced during the past decade.
|
From page 144... ...
ADDRESS THE GLOBAL HEALTH RESEARCH FUNDING GAP Given the reality of limited funds, a difficult balance must be struck between investing in the improved uptake of existing knowledge and practices and investing in research that could lead to new interventions -- and even scientific discoveries -- in the future. Investments in the health of people today (through better delivery of existing approaches)
|
From page 145... ...
. The committee endorses the recommendation that all countries devote some significant portion of public funding for health research -- especially research that benefits underserved populations -- and include health research in their overall national strategic health and poverty reduction plans, but it also recognizes the limitations faced by low-income countries in allocating significant sums for health research.
|
From page 146... ...
government provided nearly three-quarters of global public spend ing on neglected disease biomedical research, with an investment of $1.25 bil lion. While NIH is a significant contributor to global health research, the agency spends less than 1 percent of its budget to fund research that tackles parasitic and bacterial diseases, such as malaria, sleeping sickness, leprosy, and lymphatic filariasis (NIAID, 2008)
|
From page 147... ...
Commitment to Fund Global Health Research The Bamako Call to Action urged international development agencies and major funders of global health activities to allocate 5 percent of health devel
|
From page 148... ...
govern ment to leverage two types of approaches -- push and pull mechanisms -- to fund global health research. One way to do this is through a formal Advance Market Commitment (AMC)
|
From page 149... ...
Federal executive branch agencies and departments should work with Congress to design a coordinated approach to funding global health research that leverages research subsidies through the Depart ment of Health and Human Services budget and innovative funding mech anisms for novel vaccine, drug, and diagnostic procurement through the foreign affairs budget. REFERENCES Adeyi, O., O
|
From page 150... ...
2008. Monitoring financial flows for health research 00: Prioritizing research for health equity.
|
From page 151... ...
2008. Bamako Call to Action urges new approach to health research.
|
From page 152... ...
In World Development Indicators Database. World Bank.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.