The U.S. Commitment to Global Health Recommendations for the Public and Private Sectors (2009) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 17-38
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government agencies (the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of State, Department of Homeland Security, and National Institutes of Health) and five private foundations (the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Google.org, Merck Company Foundation, and the Rockefeller Foundation)
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citizens) and is a shared global aspiration that requires the work of many nations, this report focuses only on the efforts of the United States, both its gov ernmental and its nongovernmental sectors, to help improve health in low- and middle-income countries.
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Findings from the public testimonies, commissioned works, and information provided to the committee by outside stakeholders and organizations informed the committee's deliberations, the content of this report, and the final recommen dations for how the United States should invest in global health interventions, research, and capacity building over the coming decade. Greater Opportunities for Meaningful Partnerships Progress in global health and development has challenged the traditional thinking in foreign assistance.
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. The committee also recognizes that while the United States has the opportunity to support and advocate for a global agenda to improve health, ultimately individual countries -- both governments and civil society1 -- are responsible for putting in place the social and economic policies that protect the health of their populations (CSDH, 2008)
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Improve daily living conditions. Improve the well-being of girls and women, put major emphasis on early childhood development and education, improve living and working conditions, provide social protection policies, and create conditions for a secure life for the elderly.
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diseases to chronic noncommunicable diseases, which typically lead to death later in life than infectious diseases. This transition has allowed the aging of populations and reflects public health successes in the prevention and control of infectious diseases and child deaths (Beaglehole and Bonita, 2008; Mathers and Loncar, 2006)
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(Global IDEA Scientific Advisory Com mittee, 2004)
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. Therefore, while governments, civil society, and global institutions should continue to promote economic development, improve daily living conditions, and tackle inequity, the committee finds that immediate health gains (especially among the most disadvantaged populations)
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Historically, the United States has contributed greatly to the achievement of global health gains, through both its governmental and its nongovernmental sectors, by working with partners around the world to develop and deliver costeffective health interventions. While improving the health status for all people around the world will require a long-term and widely shared global commitment, the United States has the opportunity to take concrete steps toward this goal by building on past achievements, continuing successful partnerships, and leverag ing new commitments to global health.
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develops vaccines and drugs to prevent and treat diseases that are important to the U.S. military, while the DoD-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System collects and analyzes epidemiological data to help control major infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries.
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government institutions have worked alongside U.S.-based foundations, nongovernmental organizations, universities, and commercial entities to provide the technical and financial resources necessary to expand public health infrastructure, increase access to health interventions, and improve health globally. These initiatives -- often undertaken in partnership with local organizations, foreign governments, and intergovernmental organizations -- are widely regarded as some of the most successful public-private health collaborations in the world.
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The Rockefeller Foundation has launched programs since 1913 to address hookworm, malaria, and yellow fever, funding some of the earliest research on such diseases and establishing many of the world's first public health schools (Rockefeller Foundation, 2009)
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. Increasingly, many well-established foundations are turning their attention to global health; this is especially true for foundations focused on domestic science and health research, such as the Burroughs Wellcome Fund (1955)
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. GAVI is a partnership that includes low-, middle-, and high-income country governments, their vaccine industries, several research and technical institutes, civil society organizations, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, WHO, UNICEF, and the World Bank.
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In return for the opportunity to increase their revenue through sales of these products, a percentage of the proceeds is donated to the Global Fund. Corporate social responsibility has resulted in greater financial and technical investments in global health research and programming by corporations.
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. FUTURE COMMITMENTS TO GLOBAL HEALTH Progress toward global health requires collaboration between many partners -- donors, recipient country governments, and implementing agencies -- to
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. Such investments should be made alongside the efforts by governments and civil society to monitor the social determinants of health within their countries to tackle inequity and improve daily living conditions.
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2008. Addressing social determinants of health inequities: What can the state and civil society do?
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2004. Health and economic benefits of an acceler ated program of research to combat global infectious diseases.
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2008. Operational lessons from 20 years of the Mectizan Donation Program for the control of onchocerciasis.
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2003. Social determinants of health: The solid facts.
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