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Shellfish Mariculture in Drakes Estero, Point Reyes National Seashore, California (2009) / Chapter Skim
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VI. Nonnative Species
Pages 50-56

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From page 50...
... seed that have been certified free of known pathogens and hitchhiking species (Carolyn Friedman, personal observation; Kevin Lunny, personal communication)
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From page 51...
... The following issues require closer examination before the potential of these nonnative oysters to become naturalized in the estero can be identified: • Do the Pacific oysters spawn naturally in Drakes Estero? The exclusive use of triploid stock could reduce but would not eliminate successful reproduction and the production of viable, dispersing larvae (NRC, 2004)
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From page 52...
... If the Manila clam successfully reproduces and establishes populations in Drakes Estero, it may compete with native infaunal suspension-feeding bivalves, but is less likely to compete with Macoma clams which are surface deposit feeders. Any culture bags used to contain Manila clams would provide additional solid surfaces for epibionts (species that attach to other living organisms)
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From page 53...
... Little research has been conducted within Drakes Estero on nonnative organisms, whether introduced as a result of importations of the Pacific oyster, or by some other mechanism. For example, although several studies surveyed California embayments for presence of the Japanese oyster drill, Ocinebrellus inornatus, the published literature does not include Drakes Estero among the sampling sites.
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From page 54...
... . As directed by the California Department of Fish and Game, all importations require annual health examinations in which at least 60 individuals of both larvae and adults from each facility are examined (Jim Moore, personal communication)
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From page 55...
... . For example, the introduction of Haplosporidium nelsoni, which may have been introduced with importations of infected Pacific oysters from Matsushima Bay, Japan, where this disease agent is endemic, resulted in catastrophic losses of the native eastern oyster along the mid-Atlantic coast (Friedman et al., 1991; Burreson et al., 2000; Burreson and Ford, 2004)
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From page 56...
... Both Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery and Coast Oyster Company, current sources for DBOC, participate in a High Health Program (R. Elston, personal communication)
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Key Terms

  • pacific oysters
  • pacific oyster
  • nonnative species
  • shellfish mariculture
  • matsushima bay

  • tomales bay
  • japanese oyster
  • oyster drill
  • nearby tomales
  • health examinations

  • manila clam
  • health program
  • oyster racks
  • coast oyster
  • eastern oyster

  • oyster company
  • oyster herpes
  • shellfish hatchery
  • estero oysters
  • annual health

  • creek shellfish
  • culture operations
  • west coast
  • eyed larvae
  • import larvae

  • ocinebrellus inornatus
  • exotic species
  • coast hatcheries
  • whiskey creek
  • haplosporidium nelsoni


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