Shellfish Mariculture in Drakes Estero, Point Reyes National Seashore, California (2009) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction to Drakes Estero
Introduction to Drakes Estero
Pages 9-24
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From page 9... ...
; however, the Point Reyes National Seashore is acknowledged to have primary management authority over the mariculture operation. The California Coastal Commission holds primary enforcement authority for coastal development, enforcement, and violations under the Coastal Act Sections (e.g., 30106, 30600, 30610, and 30810)
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The coastal waters off the Point Reyes National Seashore, including Drakes Bay, are part of the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctu
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Both Drakes Estero and Estero de Limantour are under consideration for designation as state marine conservation areas under California's Marine Life Protection Act, in the Integrated Preferred Alternative from the Blue Ribbon Task Force for the North Central Coast. In its recommendations to the California Fish and Game Commission, the Task Force notes: "While the stakeholders generally preferred a state marine reserve designation for the entire estuary, accommodating the existing maricul
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From page 12... ...
. In addition to cattle ranching, a single commercial oyster operation, DBOC, operates within the Point Reyes National Seashore.
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From page 13... ...
. 1965: California conveys the tidal and submerged lands within the boundaries of Point Reyes National Seashore to the United States and these areas, including Drakes Estero, become subject to the laws, regulations, and poli cies governing NPS property.
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From page 14... ...
DBOC imports Pacific oysters as eyed larvae from West Coast hatcheries. The larvae are cultured in tanks where they set on bagged cultch, consisting of cleaned oyster shells from the shucking operation, or on ground oyster shell fragments (250–300 µm in size)
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From page 15... ...
. California Department of Health Services, 2007 (this map does not represent a legal description of the actual lease/bed locations)
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From page 16... ...
Weekly oyster and water samples are provided to the Department of Health Services for monitoring of the presence and or levels of toxic phytoplankton. In Drakes Estero, biotoxins (e.g., saxitoxin, which is responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning; domoic acid, which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning)
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From page 17... ...
The technique is the same as for cultchless oyster culture, with the clams grown in mesh bags, but the clams require less tending than the oysters (Kevin Lunny, 3.4.09 communication)
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From page 18... ...
Highly publicized disputes over the science addressing impacts of the oyster farm on Drakes Estero have erupted in the context of the continuing operation of a commercial shellfish farm within a designated Potential Wilderness area (DOI, 2004; see Appendix A) and an Office of the 900 600 800 500 700 Pacific Oyster Shucked Weight Number of Planted Oysters (pounds in thousands)
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From page 19... ...
. The committee held its first meeting in Mill Valley, California, and spent the first day receiving oral and written input directly from key participants in the controversy over the impacts of DBOC and the second day visiting Drakes Estero with guidance from NPS and DBOC principals (see Appendix C for meeting agenda)
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From page 20... ...
, but a recent 2008 photograph of natural Olympia oyster populations in Nootka Sound in British Columbia (Figure 7) and descriptions of Olympia oyster populations at several sites throughout British Columbia (Gillespie, 2009)
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From page 21... ...
Although the Didemnum introduction cannot be attributed to local human importation, other nonnative species were introduced by the shellfish mariculture operations, including the intentionally imported shellfish -- the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) , the Kumamoto oyster (Crassostrea sicamea)
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From page 22... ...
In addition, continued culture of nonnative oysters and clams poses some risk of their eventual naturalization in Drakes Estero and larval spread to other coastal lagoons, a risk that could be minimized but not entirely eliminated by culturing triploids (NRC, 2004a)
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From page 23... ...
The committee describes these effects, positive and negative, of oyster and shellfish feeding and biodeposition, of hard structures, and of activities of culturists in detail below. Ecological and Environmental Responses The committee organized its synthesis of the assessment of impacts of culturing nonnative oysters and clams in Drakes Estero by first preparing Table 1, which breaks down the question of mariculture impacts into seven largely separate ecosystem responses and one response for human use values.
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From page 24... ...
C VIII. D values -- economics, recreation, aesthetics NOTE: The column headings correspond to questions posed in the Statement of Task and the rows identify the various components of the Drakes Estero ecosystem that could be affected by mariculture.
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