Forging the Future of Space Science The Next 50 Years (2010) / Chapter Skim
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Explorer 1: Gateway to the Never Ending Wonders of Space Science--The Space Studies Board Van Allen Lecture delivered by Frank B. McDonald
Explorer 1: Gateway to the Never Ending Wonders of Space Science--The Space Studies Board Van Allen Lecture delivered by Frank B. McDonald
Pages 127-144
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From page 127... ...
If we consider only Earth and the Space Studies Board, and to deliver the Van Al- space science satellites by country, we find that from len Lecture this evening. I received my Ph.D.
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Oberth Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Hermann Ober th Rober t H Goddard Sergey Korolyov Wernher Von Braun Jet Propulsion Laboratory FIGURE 9.1 The three icons and their descendents.
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They turned the task over to Captain Walter no evidence. The Russians pointed out that Tsiolkovsky Domberger, who recruited Wernher Von Braun, and published back in 1903, two decades before Goddard they put together a rocket team and opened up a rocket and Oberth, and to reinforce their point they raised the test sight in Peenemunde, in September 1941.
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tory. The Aerobees were made by Aerojet under the Shown in the lower left hand corner of Figure supervision of Von Kármán and Frank Malina of JPL, 9.2 is Jim Van Allen, looking as young as always, with and were eventually operated by NRL.
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, and at his desk (courtesy of Tom Jorgensen, University of Iowa Office of University Relations, 1990)
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There was a very interesting study done in 1946 by the The Soviet who made Sputnik happen was Sergey RAND project that stated that although the crystal Korolyov, who had spent World War II in a Soviet THE SATELLITE WHY REDS GOT IT FIRST WHAT HAPPENS NEXT FIGURE 9.5 Left to right: Sputnik 1 (courtesy of NASA National Space Science Data Center) ; Smithsonian Observatory scientists working at Massachusetts Institute of Technology trying to calculate Sputnik's orbit, cover of LIFE magazine, October, 21, 1957 (photo by Dmitri Kessel/Life Magazine, Copyright Time Inc./Time Life Pictures/Getty Images)
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From page 133... ...
His of Iowa experiment, and the main rocket provide by von thesis advisor arranged for him to be assigned to the Braun. This was Explorer 1, launched on January 31, place where they were doing design work for rockets, 1958, shown in Figure 9.6 beside the famous celebraand he put together the ICBM, the R7 that was flown tory photo of Pickering, Van Allen, and von Braun.
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From page 134... ...
The horizontal dashed line at 128 counts per second is the upper counting rate limit of the tape recorder system; Carl McIlwain, James A Van Allen, George Ludwig, and Ernest Ray examining the strip charts from Explorers 1 and 3; Van Allen presented to the Smithsonian Institution a miniaturized tape recorder that is the flight spare for the one that flew on Explorer 3.
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From page 135... ...
This decision and its profound impact on space science, together with was facilitated by William Pickering, the Director of the Army ballistic missile activities and JPL, and what JPL, who decided that JPL would get out of develop- they achieved with Explorer 1 and 3, that paved the ing rockets, since this was not what Caltech should way for the new NASA. be doing.
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From page 136... ...
surements of solar phenomena can be made. There is There are the Voyagers now exploring the outer he- also to be a Solar Probe, a mission that will penetrate to liosphere; an outstanding array of solar observatories within about 10 solar radii of the Sun, through a series such as SOHO, RHESSI, and TRACE; along with of complex orbits using Venus flybys.
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Deep Impact collided with One of the greatest accomplishments of the space a comet to study its nucleus. New Horizon is on its age, and of the Goddard Space Flight Center, was the way to Pluto.
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much better, with new instruments that have 20 times Finally, there is the James Webb Space Tele the resolving power. Hubble can look at the architecture scope, to be launched in 2013 -- a 6.5-meter-diameter of the universe, the life story of galaxies, and the birth telescope illustrated in Figure 9.16.
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• Unravel complex geology of landing site. Ice sublimation in the Dodo-Goldilocks trench FIGURE 9.12 Clockwise from left: HiRISE will be used to understand Phoenix EDL trajectory and unravel complex geology of landing site (MRO-HiRISE/NASA/JPL/University of Arizona)
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/M. Clampin (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)
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From page 141... ...
reach of the region in interstellar space carved out by Also shown in Figure 9.17 is data from the LECP the Sun. The heliosheath is probably 30–60 AU wide, experiment on Voyager 1, low-energy ion data that and at its current speed Voyager 2 could cross the heshows that Voyager has crossed the termination shock liopause into the true interstellar medium in a decade of the solar wind, where the supersonic flow of the or so.
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– CSA Warm, Sun-facing side Operations: Space Telescope Science Institute Spacecraft Bus Description Deployable infrared telescope with 6.5 JWST Science Themes meter diameter segmented adjustable primary mirror Cryogenic temperature telescope and instruments for infrared performance Launch June 2013 on an ESA-supplied Ariane 5 rocket to Sun-Earth L2 End of the dark Birth of stars and Planetary 5-year science mission (10-year goal) The assembly of proto-planetary ages: First light systems and galaxies and reionization systems the origin of www.JWST.nasa.gov life FIGURE 9.16 Finding our origins with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
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From page 143... ...
Stone, The solar From the Outer Heliosphere to the Local Bubble, Springer New York, Copyright 2009, Figure 4a)
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