Forging the Future of Space Science The Next 50 Years (2010) / Chapter Skim
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Leaving the Planet: Science and Technology Results on the International Space Station--Carl E. Walz
Leaving the Planet: Science and Technology Results on the International Space Station--Carl E. Walz
Pages 61-75
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From page 61... ...
Starting with a brief overview of space stations in general, from an historical perspective, THE FIRST SPACE STATIONS the paper will then focus on the ISS in terms of its assembly, operations, and overall research themes and The United States did not build that kind of space results. The final portion of the paper will be a discus- station and neither did the Russians.
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From page 62... ...
That spacewalk was performed by the first crew and allowed the Skylab to function very well for the three missions. The Skylab crews performed a number of microgravity physical science experiments and a number of physiological experiments, looking at how micrograv FIGURE 4.4 Skylab astronaut Owen Garriott lies in a lower ity affected the human body, and also operated a solar body negative pressure device -- a big vacuum cleaner that observator (Figure 4.4)
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From page 63... ...
It started out with a base block bring things up to their space stations, but they could that really had its heritage from the Salyut series and not bring them back down. So they would use them provided vital crew life support and habitability func- up, and then they would just throw them away.
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From page 64... ...
of nations -- the United States, Russia, Canada, the Eu- The next module to go up was the Russian Service ropean Space Agency, and Japan -- working together on Module, launched on July 12, 2000, which is basically its development and operation. The first launch of ISS the living compartment for the ISS, providing the was a Russian element, the Functional Cargo Block, early life support system for the station.
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From page 65... ...
The first crew launched to the • External Stowage Platform ISS on October 31, 2001, from Baikonur, and then in • Canadarm2 Robotic Arm February 2001, we brought up the Destiny Laboratory, • Quest Joint Airlock which is the U.S. laboratory.
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From page 66... ...
The year 2008 should also see the first flight of As regards crew operations and training; this is ESA's Autonomous Transfer Vehicle (ATV) which will the first large-scale human spaceflight effort to have a dock to the Russian Service Module and be used for highly integrated international crew.
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From page 67... ...
We have launched our oxygen generation system our robotic designs, concepts, tools, and some of our already, and we hope by the end of the year to launch operational scenarios and test what works and what the rest of our environmental life support system suite does not for in-space assembly. to more completely close the environmental loop on the station, so we can take urine, for example, and re- ISS Research Themes and Results process, purify, and drink it or make oxygen from it.
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From page 68... ...
Shortly after that, we will have a the treadmill and provide a force that we thought was number of other research racks available, including the equal to about what our weight was on Earth when F luids Integrated Rack, the Material Science Research we would exercise. It turned out from data collected Rack, the Window Observation Research Facility, and during the FOOT experiment that the force, the rethe Muscle Atrophy Research and Exercise System.
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From page 69... ...
In a gravity field the capillary volving the taking of blood and urine samples regularly, flow can be overcome by the forces of gravity. Howprocessing them in a centrifuge, and storing them in ever, in space it is very easy to observe and investigate a minus 80 degree freezer to await return to Earth for capillary flow, in this particular case using a sample in analysis.
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From page 70... ...
Williams, Expedition 14 flight engineer, works with the Lab-on-a-Chip Application Development-Portable Test System (LOCAD-PTS) experiment in the Destiny laboratory of t he International Space Station.
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From page 71... ...
For example, on the ISS mission in December 2001 one of the first things that was done was to photograph this big, circular object, the Manicougan impact crater FIGURE 4.15 Manicouagan impact crater in winter. NASA Photo ID: ISS004-E-10763.
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From page 72... ...
Just completing the station is a One example of such activities is EarthKAM, great undertaking. You are sure to have seen the news where students remotely control a camera mounted concerning the problems that we had with the shuttle on the ISS to photograph sites of scientific interest that led to a delay in the December flight, rescheduled on Earth.
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From page 73... ...
NASA Im age: JSC2006E03491. SOURCE: Courtesy of NASA Johnson Space Center.
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From page 74... ...
It represents a continuation of humanity's desire to explore and become "extraterrestrial," if you will. We are 4On December 22, 2008, NASA stated they would discuss the getting important scientific, technical, operational, and contract selection to provide commercial cargo re-supply services inspirational results from the station and will continue for the International Space Station.
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