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1 From Sputnik and Apollo to Today's Globalized Environment
Pages 9-14

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From page 9...
... flag on the surface of the Moon and returned safely to Earth in late July 1969. In the 40 years since, memories of Apollo, buoyed by achievements such as the first space shuttle flights, the launch and later repair of the immensely useful and long-lived Hubble Space Telescope, and the successful Mars rover missions, among others, have helped to sustain the space program's strong appeal both in the United States and internationally.
From page 10...
... Congress supported the new exploration vision in the NASA Authorization Acts of 2005 and 2008, but emphasized that NASA has vital, independently important responsibilities in aeronautics, Earth science, and space science in addition to human spaceflight. The world today is characterized by intertwined economies and transnational benefits to enjoy but also serious transnational problems to confront, from terrorism to global economic crisis to climate change.
From page 11...
... aerospace industry has been significantly hindered by what are generally acknowledged to be outdated and oftentimes counterproductive International Traffic in Arms Regulations. Further, which countries the United States chooses to partner with in space is influenced by foreign policy considerations. National security considerations regularly prevail over desires for international scientific collaborations.
From page 12...
... The interrelationships between civil and military space are complex. Civil and military space technology, and the underlying scientific and industrial base, have supported each other since the beginning of the space age, and the dual-use nature of space technology makes robust technology innovation critical to both civil and national security space efforts.
From page 13...
... The military global positioning satellites provide ubiquitous signals that support a stunning variety of functions, from assisting in the navigation of civilian airplanes and shipping, and allowing individuals to find their way in automobiles, to transmitting timing signals that enable cell phone and power grid switching, as well as conducting geographically dispersed scientific experiments -- all simultaneously. Remote sensing satellites obtain high-resolution images from around the world, available now on the Internet.
From page 14...
... Given the background summarized earlier and the committee's adopted definition of civil space activities, the remainder of this report will outline the committee's conclusions. The next chapter presents the principal rationales and top-level goals for civil space activities and discusses how those goals will make important long-term contributions in the national interest.


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