Biographical Memoirs Volume 91 (2009) / Chapter Skim
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NORMAN HENRY GILES
NORMAN HENRY GILES
Pages 136-151
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From page 137... ...
Subsequently, a number of important papers by Giles followed, including contributions on intragenic complementation, gene conversion, and analysis of gene clusters. He made particularly significant contributions to our molecular understanding of regulation of the genes of biochemical pathways in microorganisms, especially Neurospora crassa.
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From page 138... ...
These bird watching and natural history activities would play a predominant role in his life for many years, even after his retirement. Norman attended public schools along with his younger brother Cuthbert ("Bert")
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From page 139... ...
. Norman spent the summer of 1941 at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island.
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From page 140... ...
Under the inspiring leadership of Alexander Hollander, a great deal of innovative research was being performed in the division. Norman continued his studies on chromosome rearrangements in Tradescantia induced by fast neutrons and X rays and began his research with back mutations (reversions)
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From page 141... ...
on allelic recombination at the pan-2 locus demonstrated for the first time that copy-choice mechanisms could involve several different mutational sites at one locus. In the early 1950s Norman became interested in utilizing mutations induced by UV and X rays to determine the nature of the mutations blocking various biochemical pathways in Neurospora.
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From page 142... ...
crassa, the qa gene cluster encoding five structural and two regulatory genes involved in the utilization of quinic acid as a carbon source. Norman's first wife, Dorothy, died in January 1967, and he married Doris Vos Weaver on August 1, 1969, in the process acquiring two stepdaughters: Gayle Weaver (who died in 1970)
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From page 143... ...
The qa cluster was shown to consist of five structural and two regulatory genes located on an 18 × 103 base pair region in a continuous array. The qa genes are induced by quinic acid and are coordinately controlled at the transcriptional level by the products of the positive and negative regulatory genes, qa-1F and qa-1S, respectively, which are transcribed in opposite directions.
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From page 144... ...
Many continued these studies successfully in their future careers. For example, Gerald Fink studied histidine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and demonstrated that three enzymatic activities for that pathway are contained on a trifunctional polypeptide chain.
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From page 145... ...
While living in New England, Norman continued his membership in the Georgia Ornithological Society; his return to Georgia permitted an active renewal of bird watching in the southeast. Norman was an inveterate world traveler, having been around the world five times.
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From page 146... ...
He was a member of the Genetics Study Section at the National Institutes of Health from 1960 to 1964 and a member of the Genetics Training Committee of NIH from 1966 to1970. He served on the education advisory board of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation from 1977 to 1986.
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From page 147... ...
Norman received two awards from the University of Georgia: the Lamar Dodd Award in 1985 for research, and the bicentennial Silver Medallion in 1984. He received the Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal of the Genetics Society of America in 1988.
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From page 148... ...
148 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS Vermont; his son, David Giles of Jacksonville, Florida; his stepdaughter, Alix Weaver of Northridge, Massachusetts; and his grandson, Dylan Giles Brown of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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From page 149... ...
1951 Studies on the mechanism of reversion in biochemical mutants of Neurospora crassa. Cold Spring Harb.
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From page 150... ...
Case. Constitutive mutants in the regu latory gene exerting positive control of quinic acid catabolism in Neurospora crassa.
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From page 151... ...
Expression of qa activator protein: Identification of upstream binding sites in the qa gene cluster and localization of the DNA-binding domain.
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