America's Climate Choices (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Notes and References
Notes and References
Pages 81-92
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From page 81... ...
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2009. EPA 430-R-11-005 [Washington, D.C.: EPA, 2011, available at http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html, accessed March 2, 2011]
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From page 82... ...
T Litz, Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States: Using Existing Federal Authorities and State Action ( Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute, 2010, available at http://www.wri.org/publication/reducing-ghg-emissions-using-existing-federal-authorities-and-state action, accessed March 8, 2011)
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From page 83... ...
Many of these compounds also contribute to the depletion of ozone in the stratosphere, which is a related but largely separate environmental problem from climate change (see, e.g., CCSP, Trends in Emissions of Ozone-Depleting Substances, Ozone Layer Recovery, and Implications for Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure, Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.4 by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, eds.
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From page 84... ...
L Woodworth, "Evidence for enhanced coastal sea level rise during the 1990s" (Geophysical Research Letters 31[7]
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From page 85... ...
and CCSP, The Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture, Land Resources, Water Resources, and Biodiversity in the United States, Synthesis and Assessment Product 4.3 by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcom mittee on Global Change Research, eds.
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From page 86... ...
. Also note that the scenarios on which these projections of future climate change are based do not actually reflect how policy interventions might influence future GHG emissions -- they are rather illustrations of how climate change might evolve in the absence of global actions to reduce emissions.
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From page 87... ...
These efforts have also focused on developing GHG trajectories in a more integrated and iterative manner with climate model projections and assessments of current and future climate impacts.(e.g., CCSP, Scenarios of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Atmospheric Concentrations, Sub-report 2.1A of Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1 by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, eds.
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From page 88... ...
12. This topic is addressed at length in NRC, Informing Effective Decisions and in NRC, Facilitating Climate Change Responses: A Report of Two Workshops on Knowledge from the Social and Behavioral Sciences ( Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2010)
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From page 89... ...
unesco.org/images/0013/001395/139578e.pdf, accessed March 4, 2011) defines the precautionary principle as fol lows: Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.
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From page 90... ...
10. IPCC, Climate Change 2007 WG2; World Bank, Managing Climate Risk: Integrating Adaptation into World Bank Group Operations ( Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group, 2006, available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTFACILITYGEFOPERATIONS/Resources/Publications-Presentations/GEFAdaptationAug06.pdf, accessed March 17, 2011)
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From page 91... ...
8. A Renewable Portfolio Standard requires electric utilities and other retail electric providers to supply a specified minimum amount of customer load with electricity from eligible renewable energy sources, with the goal of stimulating market and technology development and making renewable energy economically competitive with conventional forms of electric power.
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From page 92... ...
, Toward a New National Energy Policy: Assessing the Options ( Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, 2010, available at http://www.rff.org/toward-a-new-energy-policy, accessed March 4, 2011) suggests that through 2030, some alternatives to a comprehensive pricing systems (such as a cap-and-trade policy excluding transpor tation)
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