Hidden Costs of Energy Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use (2010) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Description of the Air Pollution Emission Experiments and Policy (APEEP) Model and Its Application
Appendix C: Description of the Air Pollution Emission Experiments and Policy (APEEP) Model and Its Application
Pages 423-431
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From page 423... ...
. Like other integrated assessment models, APEEP connects emissions of air pollution through air-quality modeling to exposures, physical effects, and monetary damages.
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From page 424... ...
In contrast, point sources with an effective height of greater than 500 m, such as certain power plants and other large industrial facilities, are modeled individually -- that is, APEEP does not aggregate emissions from these sources; they are modeled separately for each facility. The air-quality models in APEEP use the emission data provided by EPA to estimate corresponding ambient concentrations in each county in the coterminous states.
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From page 425... ...
Using a linear algebraic approach, APEEP multiplies the matrix times an emission vector to generate a vector of predicted ambient concentrations. When the emission vectors represent changes to existing emissions, the corresponding estimated concentrations reflect changes to the baseline levels, or existing concentrations.
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From page 426... ...
Finally, particulate nitrate formation is a decreasing function of temperature, so the ambient temperature at each receptor location is incorporated into the equilibrium calculations. To translate VOCs emissions into secondary organic particulates, APEEP uses the fractional aerosol yield coefficients estimated by Grosjean and Seinfeld (1989)
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From page 427... ...
. In the next stage of the APEEP model, peer-reviewed concentrationresponse functions are used to translate exposures into the number of physical effects, including premature mortalities, cases of illness, reduced timber and crops yields, enhanced depreciation of anthropogenic materials, reduced visibility, and recreation usage.
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From page 428... ...
Specifically, APEEP estimates mortality impacts associated with emissions of PM2.5, and the model measures chronic morbidity impacts of PM10. In reporting the morbidity damages due to emissions of PM10, APEEP nets out the mortality damages due to PM2.5.
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From page 429... ...
1998. Costs and benefits of reducing air pollutants related to acid rain.
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1999. Effects of ambient air pollution on nonelderly asthma hospital admissions in Seattle, Washington, 1987-1994.
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2006. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
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