Skip to main content

The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic Global Challenges, Global Solutions: Workshop Summary (2010) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:

A10 Preliminary Observation of the Epidemiology of Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in South Africa, 2009
Pages 283-296

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 283...
... Unexpectedly arising in North America and spreading rapidly throughout the northern hemisphere summer, it encircled the globe within a couple of months. This event has again highlighted the crucial need for a more comprehensive global surveillance system for influenza (Lipsitch et al., 2009; Ortiz et al., 2009)
Read the entire page →
From page 284...
... . Currently, the Viral Watch network consists of 243 sentinel sites, which provide clinical and epidemiological data on influenza in the community, as well as material for isolation and antigenic and molecular characterization of viruses, for input to WHO for decision making as to annual vaccine composition recommendations.
Read the entire page →
From page 285...
... Number of isolates Number of isolates Number Specimens 20 10 20 10 0 0 0 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 Week Week A H1N1 A H3N2 Influenza B Specimens A H1N1 A H3N2 B Isolation rate 285 FIGURE A10-1  Influenza results by type and subtype: South Africa 2005-2008.
Read the entire page →
From page 286...
... R01627 vector editable landscape above, scaled for portrait below 286 IMPACTS OF THE 2009-H1N1 INFLUENZA A PANDEMIC 2007 2006 • Median onset: 2005 2004 – Week 23 2003 2002 2001 – Range 15-28 2000 1999 • Median peak: 1998 1997 1996 – Week 27 1995 1994 – Range 20-32 1993 1992 • Median 1990 1991 1989 duration: 1988 1987 – 10 weeks 1986 1985 – Range 7-17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Epidemiological week Mean onset FIGURE A10-2  Onset and duration of influenza season, South Africa, 1985-2007. 100 80 60 Percentage 40 20 0 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 B A H3N2 A H1N1 FIGURE A10-3  Influenza strains detected, South Africa, 1984-2008.
Read the entire page →
From page 287...
... . Figure A10-4 R01627 TABLE A10-1  Firstuneditable bitmapped Confirmed Cases image of 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Argentina type replaced May 16 Australia May 7 Chile May 17 New Zealand April 28 Uruguay May 27 USA April 17 South Africa June 13 South America, and Europe, with documented cases of local transmission resulting to a close household contact.
Read the entire page →
From page 288...
... . The highest incidence was, not unexpectedly, seen in the Gauteng province, the commercial hub of the country, which is the smallest ­province geo TABLE A10-2  Travel History of 42 Cases Within the First 100 Investigated North America 6 14%   USA 6 South America 5 12%   Argentina 2   Brazil 2   Chile 1 Europe 15 36%   Other European Countries 5   Germany 1   Greece 1   Netherlands 1   Sweden 1   Turkey 1   UK 5 Asia 8 19%   China 2   Singapore 4   Dubai 1   Bali 1 Other African Countries 3   7%   Mauritius 2   Zimbabwe 1 Australia 5 12%
Read the entire page →
From page 289...
... Detection rate FIGURE A10-5  Positive samples by influenza types and subtype: Viral Watch South Africa 2009. Figure A10-5 R01627 50 uneditable bitmapped image 50 45 45 40 40 35 35 Number of samples Detection rate (%)
Read the entire page →
From page 290...
... The ages ranged from newborn to 90 years with a median age of 16 years. The age distribution curves for the different influenza subtypes as they presented in the Viral Watch program were compared.
Read the entire page →
From page 291...
... . uneditable bitmapped image type replaced TABLE A10-4 Pandemic 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Cases by Age Group, South Africa, as of December 15, 2009 Age (years)
Read the entire page →
From page 292...
... Figure A10-9 R01627 editable vectors
Read the entire page →
From page 293...
... . Eleven cases were hospitalized, some as a precaution to isolate the patient and 6 developed complications including pneumonia (3)
Read the entire page →
From page 294...
... were HIV-positive; the national HIV seroprevalence in women attending public-sector antenatal clinics is 29 percent (Department of Health, 2009)
Read the entire page →
From page 295...
... Whether persons living with HIV constitute a risk group for more severe influenza infection in the absence of secondary infection remains to be established (Kunisaki and Janoff, 2009)
Read the entire page →
From page 296...
... 1994. Benefits and limitations of the Witwatersrand influenza and acute respiratory infections surveillance programme.
Read the entire page →

Key Terms

  • south african
  • age distribution
  • viral watch
  • isolation rate
  • population estimates

  • communicable diseases
  • watch program
  • influenza surveillance
  • african medical
  • acute respiratory

  • severe acute
  • influenza centers
  • national influenza
  • hiv positivity
  • active surveillance

  • uneditable bitmapped
  • travel history
  • medical journal
  • influenza infection
  • countries throughout

  • bitmapped image
  • type replaced
  • air traffic
  • accessed october
  • influenza season

  • vaccine resources
  • racial composition
  • afro region
  • median age
  • infections surveillance


    • This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
    More information on Chapter Skim is available.