Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies—Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2010) / Chapter Skim
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2 Batteries and Battery Packs for PHEVs
2 Batteries and Battery Packs for PHEVs
Pages 7-16
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From page 7... ...
Early PHEV batteries may be limited to 80 percent of full charge discharged to its minimum allowable level, the engine starts and prevented from discharging to less than 30 percent. This is a 50 percent and the vehicle operates in a charge-sustaining mode, as in SOC range.
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From page 8... ...
They have more than twice supplying power to operate the vehicle in charge-sustaining the energy density and about three times the power density mode.4 For the 50 percent SOC assumed in this report for of the nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) batteries used in current the first generation of vehicles, the nameplate capacities are HEVs, and four times the energy density of the lead-acid 4 kWh for the PHEV-10 and 16 kWh for the PHEV-40.
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From page 9... ...
is the approach that the committee chose for the estimations In this report overall properties such as energy density, that follow. If degradation is not too large or does not accelpower density, and total energy available refer to the full erate with larger SOC range, this should be satisfactory, but until demonstrated it remains a concern.5 range from 100 percent to 0 percent SOC.
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From page 10... ...
6While increased SOC range is one of the factors leading to cost reduc 7D. tions in the required battery pack (discussed later)
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From page 11... ...
pack costs are quite uncertain at this point. For that reason the committee feels that it will be important to reevaluate Battery Pack Cooling and Control Electronics these costs in several years, when significant data on the first production cycle of PHEVs is available, which should allow The battery pack, in addition to containing a hundred or better projections.
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From page 12... ...
TABLE 2.3 Estimated Battery Performance Properties for a PHEV-10 2010a Characteristic 2020 2030 Energy density at nameplate cell level, Wh/kg Probable 100 150 150 Power density at nameplate cell level, W/kg for 12 sec Probable 1,500 1,600 1,750 Energy density at nameplate battery pack level, Wh/kgb Probable 80 110 125 level,c W/kg Power density at nameplate battery pack for 12 sec Probable 1,250 1,350 1,400 Cycle life over SOC at 40oC ambient Probable 3,000 5,000 7,500 $/kWhd Battery pack cost per kWh over SOC variation (2 kWh actually used) , Conservative 2500 1,600 1,450 Probable 1,650 1,050 950 Optimistic 1,250 800 725 Battery pack cost per kWh for nameplate energy level (4 kWh)
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From page 13... ...
Table 2.6 sum similar to consumer batteries are already considerably furmarizes projections of cost reductions for the different com ther along the learning curve than were manufacturers of ponents for the two PHEV types for 2015, 2020, and 2030. NiMH batteries when HEVs were introduced, so steep cost Reduction estimates are posited on technology improve reductions seem unlikely.
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From page 14... ...
TABLE 2.5 Projected Incremental Costa of Components for PHEV-10 for Production in 2010 Using Current Technology Compared with an Equivalent Current Nonhybrid Vehicle Price That a Supplier Cost Reductions in Incremental Cost of Charges the Vehicle Components due to PHEV-10 Vehicle vs. Manufacturer for the Vehicle Changes in Going Modern, Comparable Component Technology to PHEV-10 ICE Vehicle Motor/generator Probable 1,500 1,500 Power electronics, DC/DC converter Probable 1,500 1,500 (1.2 kW)
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From page 15... ...
Power electronics, AC/DC converter 10 15 5 aCosts for 2011 are based on low battery production rates in response Li-ion battery pack 25 15 10 to contracts initiated about 2 years earlier. Electrical accessories 5 5 5 Air conditioning 10 5 5 Regenerative brakes 5 5 5 Electric power steering + water pump 5 5 5 Body/chassis/special components 10 5 5 OTHER TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS AND POTENTIAL NOTE: Estimated cost reductions are based on increased production BREAKTHROUGHS volumes and anticipated improvements in technology and production tech niques.
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From page 16... ...
on imported oil. Also, once the carbon intensity of grid Swapping battery packs at stations that charge them for the electricity is reduced, PHEVs will be able to significantly next vehicle is one possibility, but it is not clear if pack and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG)
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