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3 The Life Histories of the Fishes
Pages 22-27

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From page 22...
... The information on the fishes' life histories presented below illustrates the complexity of their interactions with their environments and the potential importance of apparently small changes in the timing, direction, and magnitude of variations in flow, salinity, turbidity, water temperature, and other environmental conditions. FISHES OF THE SALMON FAMILY The delta provides habitat for two species of Pacific salmon, Chinook salmon (hereafter "salmon")
From page 23...
... Wild spawning fish excavate redds in stream reaches with loose gravel in shallow riffles or along the margins of deeper runs (NMFS, 2009) , where temperatures are cooler and eggs buried in the gravel receive a sufficient flux of oxygenated water through interstitial flow.
From page 24...
... Based on adult spawning behavior and the habitats required for green sturgeon embryo development, reproductive females likely select spawning areas with turbulent, high velocities near low-velocity resting areas. Green sturgeon spawning areas are presumed to be characterized by coarser substrates upstream of lower gradient reaches, which usually have slower velocities.
From page 25...
... In the brackish habitat of the western delta the flow is tidal with a net seaward movement, and so to maintain position, the juvenile fish appear to coordinate swimming behavior with the tides, occurring near the surface on the flood tides and at depth on the ebbs. However, in other regions, adaptive tidal behavior has not been observed and fish simply move with the tides, which may promote horizontal exchange to adjacent shallow water habitats.
From page 26...
... At high negative flows, that is, flows away from the sea towards the pumps in the south, the normal seaward flow associated with ebb tides can be completely eliminated. 3 "X2" refers to the salinity isohaline of salinity 2 (a contour line of equal salinity)
From page 27...
... . The change in zooplankton species, associated with the success of invasive species in changed environmental conditions, also is probably important.


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