Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions Methods to Support International Climate Agreements (2010) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Current Sources of Atmospheric and Oceanic Greenhouse Gas Data
Appendix C: Current Sources of Atmospheric and Oceanic Greenhouse Gas Data
Pages 93-102
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From page 93... ...
A number of studies have used The atmospheric monitoring sites of Mauna Loa available satellite data to estimate atmospheric CO2 and the South Pole, established during the 1957-1958 (e.g., Crevoisier et al., 2004, 2009; Buchwitz et al., International Geophysical Year by C.D. Keeling, have 2005; Chahine et al., 2005, 2008; Maddy et al., 2008; been expanded to both remote and near continental Schneising et al., 2008; Strow and Hannon, 2008)
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From page 94... ...
>240 @ 2.04-208 µm ~120 @ 1.92-2.08 ~1,400 @ 3.7-13.6 µm, ~500 @ 4.5 µm ~800 @ 13.6-15.4 µm Orbit altitude 705 km 666 km 790 km 705 km 820 km Local time 13:30 ± 0:1.5 13:00 ± 0:15 10:00 13:30 21:30 Revisit time/orbits 16 days/233 orbits 3 days/72 orbits 35 days 16 days/233 orbits 72 days/1,037 orbits Launch date Failed on launch January 2009 March 2002 May 2002 October 2006 Nominal life 2 years 5 years 7+ years 7+ years 5 years NOTES: AIRS = Atmospheric Infrared Sounder; CAI = Cloud and Aerosol Imager; FTS = Fourier transform spectrometer; GOSAT = Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite; IASI = Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer; OCO = Orbiting Carbon Observatory; SCIAMACHY = Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography; SWIR = short-wavelength infrared; TIR = thermal infrared. aCrisp(2008)
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From page 95... ...
. The net ocean emissions to son of datasets from different cruise years now allows the atmosphere are only about 2 percent of the total, simple tracking of the changing ocean anthropogenic mostly because large amounts of methane originating in
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From page 96... ...
The terms for methane hydrate decomposition in methane concentrations in the upper ocean should and release and for tracing the signature of gas plumes not be confused with industrial releases. TABLE C.2 Global Net Methane Emissions Emissions Consumption Gross Production Source or Sink (Tg CH4 yr–1)
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From page 97... ...
bitmap image Black Sea is an unusual case because the deep water Methane in the upper ocean, whether transferred is anoxic and the density contrast between deep and there by exchange with the atmosphere or created surface layers is very strong. Nonetheless, both obserlocally, is consumed through oxidation to CO2 as the vations and models show that even the largest plumes water masses are transferred to depth (Scranton and undergo such significant dissolution during their rise Brewer, 1978)
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From page 98... ...
The potential for global warming to destabilize seafloor methane hydrates has been debated since the early 1980s (e.g., Revelle, 1983)
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From page 99... ...
Thus, models have used the relationship between N2O Crisp, D., 2008, The Orbiting Carbon Observatory: NASA's first and O2 to predict strongly increased N2O fluxes from dedicated carbon dioxide mission, in Sensors, Systems, and Next Generation Satellites XII, Proceedings of SPIE, 7106, 710604. the future ocean (Schmittner et al., 2008; Shaffer et al., Crisp, D., R.M.
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Owens, 1990, Significant flux of atmospheric hanced lifetime of methane bubble streams within the deep ocean, nitrous oxide from the northwest Indian Ocean, Nature, 346, Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 10.1029/2001GL013966.
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Tsunogai, infrared sounder observations, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1995, Methane in the western North Pacific, Journal of Ocean 113, D18302, doi:10.1029/2007JD009713. ography, 51, 39-60.
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