Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions Methods to Support International Climate Agreements (2010) / Chapter Skim
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In this context, years, improve reporting of emissions by countries and the National Research Council convened a committee yield a useful capability for independent verification of of experts to assess current capabilities for estimating greenhouse gas emissions reported by countries. Table and verifying greenhouse gas emissions and to identify S.1 shows that by using improved methods, fossil-fuel ways to improve these capabilities.
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and improved emission factors through research CH4 Total anthropogenic Atmospheric 3-5 Develop improved tracer-transport models, new 2-3 measurements satellite and in situ observations, and improved and models emission models through research CH4 Energy, industrial UNFCCC 1-5 (developed Adopt most accurate methods and activity data 1-2 processes, and waste inventory countries) and improved emission factors through research CH4 AFOLU UNFCCC 2-4 (developed Adopt most accurate methods and activity data 2-3 inventory countries)
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Shaded rows are the self-reported values; unshaded rows are the independent checks on the self-reported values from independent methods. aUncertainties for the magnitudes of decadal changes in national emissions can be computed from the numbers in the table using standard statistical methods.
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Because fossil-fuel CO2 emissions can be estimated with reasonable accuracy using UNFCCC inventory methods (Table S.1) and because of the broad interna tional support for the reporting framework, UNFCCC procedures have been, and will likely continue to be, the primary means for monitoring and verifying greenhouse gas emissions and reductions under a new international climate treaty.
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Universal application of top-tier methods would significantly Strengthened National Greenhouse Gas reduce uncertainties in reported emissions but would Inventories also significantly increase costs. Thus, at a minimum, The two recommendations below are intended to top-tier methods should be used for the most important improve the accuracy of national inventories and facili- greenhouse gas sources in each country.
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The three recommendations that follow repre thereby improving national sampling of regional sent critical components of this larger effort that could greenhouse gas emissions. be deployed within 3 years.
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would provide an unambiguous means to dif- tion below would provide useful estimates of land-use ferentiate between the CO2 from fossil-fuel and non- activity levels that could be used to check self-reported fossil-fuel sources because modern organic material values in UNFCCC inventories and also enable more contains radiocarbon from cosmic rays and bomb tests, accurate land-use emissions reporting from developbut the 14C in fossil fuels has long since decayed away. ing countries.
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IMPLICATIONS FOR AN INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE AGREEMENT Methods for producing greenhouse gas inventories evolve as more is learned about how to measure International agreements to limit future greenand translate activities into emissions. Improvements house gas emissions will require that countries be able to U.S.
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Although national inventories of AFOLU of the system to monitor greenhouse gases is that it emissions are currently relatively inaccurate, a realistic would enhance our ability to monitor and study natural near-term goal is to reduce uncertainties of AFOLU carbon sinks on land and in the oceans. The natural CO2 emissions and to be able to estimate remotely the sinks are not counted in UNFCCC inventories, but most important activities that cause these emissions they currently absorb about half of greenhouse gas (deforestation, afforestation, and forest degradation)
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