When Weather Matters Science and Services to Meet Critical Societal Needs (2010) / Chapter Skim
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2 Socioeconomic Research and Capacity
2 Socioeconomic Research and Capacity
Pages 31-48
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2 Socioeconomic Research and Capacity Understandng and addressng socoeconomc aspects of weather predcton s crtcal for the weather communty to reach ts goals and for socety to fully benefit from advances n weather predcton. to date, the weather predcton communty and socety are stll far from achevng the full potental that comes from ntegratng socal scences expertse wth weather research and research to operatons (R2o)
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32 32 WHen WeAtHeR MAtteRs nRc, 1998b, 2006a) , the natonal oceanc and Atmospherc Admnstraton (noAA)
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socIoeconoMIc ReseARcH AnD cAPAcItY 33 ton have been dscussed n a number of dfferent venues. For example, the U.s.
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our ability to observe, understand, predict and respond to hazard ous weather events." Funded as an NSF Engineering Research Center since 2003, CASA is a partnership among governmental, industrial, and academic entities. The center has included social science and end-user components since its inception.
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5 program "promotes collaborative research and partnerships between the social sciences and the physical sciences to enhance societal relevance and to reduce the human risk from atmospheric and related hazards." SSWIM was founded in 2008 at the National Weather Center in Norman, Oklahoma, and is supported by NOAA and the University of Oklahoma. Recent SSWIM successes include cohosting 2008 and 2009 workshops6 with NOAA's Hazardous Weather Testbed and Global Systems Division to improve the development of new hazardous weather warning products.
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36 36 WHen WeAtHeR MAtteRs to weather predcton. Moreover, socal scentsts are stll often treated as consultants on projects, brought n once the actvty s well under way.
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. Most of NOAA's OAR investment in social science in FY 2008 was in climate and other nonweather areas; the total FY 2008 social science budget for the Weather and Water mission goal within NOAA was $0.75M.
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38 38 WHen WeAtHeR MAtteRs Estimating Value Relable estmates of the economc value of weather mpacts and fore casts are key to demonstratng the mportance of weather predcton programs and to makng cost-benefit decsons among dfferent optons for allocatng weather predcton resources. estmatng the value of forecasts often requres understandng ther use (the second prorty area)
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socIoeconoMIc ReseARcH AnD cAPAcItY 39 ther needs. ths ncludes ndvduals and organzatons n the prvate and publc sectors.
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40 40 WHen WeAtHeR MAtteRs or nextGen,3 and what do those needs mean for development of forecasts for nextGen and desgn of the nextGen system? • What mpact varables are most mportant to dfferent ndvduals and organzatons n advance of varous types of very hgh mpact weather events, for use n ther decsons (see chapter 4)
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socIoeconoMIc ReseARcH AnD cAPAcItY 41 • How can the answers to the above questons be appled to develop mechansms to more effectvely communcate weather nformaton and forecasts -- partcularly those contanng uncertanty nformaton -- n ways that account for dfferent nterpretaton by dfferent user groups and promote benefical behavor? In all of these prorty areas, a sustaned, nterdscplnary effort s needed to develop core knowledge that can be appled to address current communty needs for weather nformaton, as well as to address new research questons and weather R2o needs as they arse.
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. INTEGRATING THE SOCIAL SCIENCES AND WEATHER: A PATH FORWARD one approach to categorzng nterdscplnary "socometeorology" re search and R2o actvtes s to consder a combnaton of "cuttng-edge" and "off-the-shelf" (readly avalable)
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• Long-term programs to establish and maintain expertise and resources for integrating social sciences and weather prediction: current examples nclude the natonal center for Atmospherc Research's (ncAR's) socetal Impacts Program (sIP)
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testbeds that integrate social science into the development of new meteorological technologies and products: A current example s the nsF cAsA engneerng Research center (Box 2.1) , whch has ncorpo rated socal scence as an equal partner n multple aspects of ts work.
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socIoeconoMIc ReseARcH AnD cAPAcItY 45 are needed to tran meteorology students, forecasters, and practcng meteorologsts n socetal aspects of weather. Interdscplnary undergraduate and graduate programs are also needed for meteorologsts and socal scentsts nterested n weather–socety careers.
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46 46 WHen WeAtHeR MAtteRs weather–socety research and R2o n depth. Msson agences, such as noAA, can organze workshops focused on addressng specfic socal sc ence needs for transtonng R2o.
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socIoeconoMIc ReseARcH AnD cAPAcItY 47 scentsts, and forecast users workng together to generate weather scence and servces that effectvely meet crtcal socetal needs. Recommendation: The weather community and social scientists should create partnerships to develop a core interdisciplinary capacity for weather–society research and transitioning research to operations, starting with three priority areas: • estimating the societal and economic value of weather information; • understanding the interpretation and use of weather information by various audiences; • and applying this knowledge to improve communication, use, and value.
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