U.S.-Iran Engagement in Science, Engineering, and Health (2000-2009) Opportunities, Constraints, and Impacts (2010) / Chapter Skim
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3 Workshops
3 Workshops
Pages 27-46
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From page 27... ...
administrative complications. Twelve of the seventeen workshops involved specialists only from the United States and Iran, while five included participants from other countries as well.
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FOOD-bORNE DISEASES Food security/food safety was identified as a potential workshop topic by both sides at the outset of the program in 2000. However, during a joint planning session on the workshop program in 2003, specialists from Iran and the United States decided that this topic was simply too broad for a single workshop or even a workshop series.
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(See Box 3-1 concerning the interest of one Iranian government department.) Among the topics emphasized at the workshop were specific diseases of concern, disease surveillance, inspections of facilities, risk analysis, and hazard analysis and critical control points.1 Following the workshop, the American participants visited Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, the Pasteur Institute including its research complex and its new biotechnology laboratories, and three slaughterhouses that had just been privatized.
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Mohammad Reza Zali, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, November 2007.a Institute of Medicine, Food-borne Disease and Public Health, Summary of an Iranian a American Workshop. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2008, p.
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Amin Alizadeh and Medhi Nassiri-Mohallati, Ferdowsi University, May 2005.a Ali Reza Sepaskhah, Drought Forecasting and Management, Proceeding of an a American-Iranian Workshop, Iranian Academy of Sciences and Iranian Ministry of Agriculture, 2006, p.
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The Iranian specialists were particularly impressed by the modern facilities that control water flows, the water management systems in operation throughout the region, and the attention given to the dependence of environmental quality on adequate water supplies. The workshop participants identified the following areas for development of parallel research projects in the two countries: • optimal ground water management, particularly in coastal aquifers and urban aquifers, • water quality and management of sediment in irrigated agriculture, • optimal water use for agriculture in semi-arid environments, • new technologies for augmenting and enhancing water re-use, and • adequate and accurate water resources data, particularly for evaluation of the high-resolution real-time satellite precipitation measurements from the PERSIANN system.
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Each is bounded by high mountains rising thou sands of meters above fertile alluvial slopes and arid sedimentary plains, their stunning but seismic geographies are being actively shaped by folding and faulting in the boundary zones between gigantic tectonic plates. Thomas Jordan, University of Southern California, June 2009.a PEER Center, Improving Earthquake Mitigation through Innovations and Applications a in Seismic Science, Engineering, Communication, and Response, Proceedings of a U.S.-Iran Seismic Workshop, University of California, Berkeley, October 2009, p.
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Topics included seismic hazards, research and risk reduction, risk reduction and recovery, masonry and adobe buildings, seismic responses of buildings, and geotechnical earthquake engineering. Of special interest for the Iranian visitors was a detailed report on the Great Southern California ShakeOut, an earthquake rehearsal involving more than five million Californians.
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At the first workshop, breakout groups on research integrity, environmental equity, ethics in medicine, and ethics and education proposed more than two dozen areas for future cooperation. Examples are as follows: • integration of ethical values into the curricula for K to 12 education, and exchanges directed to the teaching of ethics at all levels of education, • preparation and dissemination of reports on ethical issues confronted by scientists and engineers, and • exchanges concerning ethical issues associated with food safety and environmental pollution (particularly cancer-causing chemicals)
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National Academy of Engineering to prepare documents on the ethical responsibilities of engineers, which could be used in educational materials. Also, an Iranian participant in the workshop subsequently obtained from the World Health Organization a grant to support a survey of the views of theologians, doctors, and scholars in the Tehran region on ethical issues facing the medical community.
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According to some of the participants from the two countries, this broader umbrella mirrored approaches for stimulating conversations in many forums in Washington and Tehran. The first workshop under the title Science and Society covered a wide range of topics: communications within societies, morality, economic development, trends in basic sciences, technology to improve health and water availability, scientific thinking among decision makers, and school teachers and science.
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Yves Quere, Academy of Sciences of France, June 2006.a National Research Council, Science and Technology and the Future Development of a Societies, International Workshop Proceedings, Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2008, p.
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Two workshops involving American, Iranian, Finnish, and other specialists -- held in Finland -- were devoted to crises of broad international concern. The first workshop in October 2005 was a broadly based dialogue on the development of democracy in countries with large Muslim populations.
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The responses to these problems should be of considerable interest to the international community. The challenges in Iran include: • restoration to the extent possible of the marshland on the Iran-Iraq border, • steps to reduce the extreme dust storms that encompassed Tehran during 2009 and may continue due to the uptake of sand hundreds of miles to the west, • measures to limit eutrophication of the Caspian Sea, • curbing urban air pollution that is intensifying throughout the country, • conserving energy usage in buildings and increasing use of renewable energy sources, and • strengthening the roles of environmental nongovernmental organizations.13 The papers that were presented at the second workshop in 2009 should help focus international attention on common concerns about environmental challenges which are rapidly spreading.
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However, the 2002 workshop was bilateral, focusing sharply on the environmental problems that directly affected Iran. The Iranian Academy of Sciences had just begun a project on evaluation of information concerning the southern coast of the Caspian Sea.
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It took place at Payame Noor University, which has been the primary distance education center in the country, with dozens of branch offices in many regions. Thus, much of the discussion was devoted to distance learning although the American participants had anticipated a broader agenda and were not fully prepared to present a number of recent developments in the United States on this topic.
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57. and distributed to the branch offices where instructors led classes.
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An important Iranian presentation addressed transportation research, which was under the purview of a team of senior researchers, most of whom had received their advanced degrees in the United States. The American presentations addressed seismic, plant biotechnology, and cyber research challenges.
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11. Mohammad Reza Zali and Mansoureh Saniee, Attitudes of Iranian Scholars and Theolo gians toward Bioethical Considerations of Cloning, Genetic Screening, and Confidentiality, Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, May 29, 2005.
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U.S.IRAN ENGAGEMENT IN SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND HEALTH 13. Kaisa Kekkonen and Merc Fox, Editors, Towards Solutions in Managing Eniron mental Crises: Proceedings of a U.S.IranFinland Enironmental Workshop, University of Helsinki, Haikko-Helsinki: Environmentalica Fennica, 2010.
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