Antibiotic Resistance Implications for Global Health and Novel Intervention Strategies: Workshop Summary (2010) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: Glossary
Appendix D: Glossary
Pages 427-436
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From page 427... ...
HIV is transmitted through direct contact of a mucous membrane or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid, and breast milk. Acinetobacter baumannii: A species of pathogenic bacteria, referred to as an aerobic Gram-negative bacterium, which is resistant to most antibiotics.
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From page 428... ...
Antimicrobial Resistance: Most commonly, this refers to infectious microbes that have acquired the ability to survive exposures to clinically relevant concen trations of antimicrobial drugs that would kill otherwise sensitive organisms of the same strain. The phrase is also used to describe any pathogen that is less susceptible than its counterparts to a specific antimicrobial compound (or com bination thereof)
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From page 429... ...
. Rather than arising by mutation, cefotaximases represent examples of plasmid acquisition of β-lactamase genes normally found on the chromosome of Kluyvera species, a group of rarely pathogenic commensal organisms.
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From page 430... ...
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria : Often referred to as "The Global Fund" or "GFATM," this financing mechanism was estab lished in January 2002 to dramatically increase global financing for inter ventions against the two pandemics (malaria is actually endemic)
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From page 431... ...
It is commonly implicated in hospital-acquired urinary tract infections, espe cially in immunocompromised patients; see Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
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From page 432... ...
Neutropenia: The condition of having an abnormally low number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that defends the blood against bacterial infections. Nomogram: A graphical calculating device, a two-dimensional diagram designed to allow the approximate graphical computation of a function; it uses a coordinate system other than Cartesian coordinates.
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From page 433... ...
They are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases and are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. Persister Cells: Cells produced by bacterial populations that neither grow nor die in the presence of antibiotics.
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From page 434... ...
These infections cause generalized inflammation and sepsis and can be fatal if they occur in critical organs, such as the lungs, the urinary tract, and kidneys. Quinolones: Class of purely synthetic antibiotics that inhibit the replication of bacterial DNA; includes ciprofloxacin and fluoroquinolone.
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From page 435... ...
Transposon: A mobile piece of DNA flanked by terminal repeat sequences that can insert into a chromosome, exit, and relocate and typically bears genes coding for these functions; see http://www.everythingbio.com/glos/definition.
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From page 436... ...
Virulence Factor: Intrinsic characteristic of an infectious bacteria that facilitates its ability to cause disease; see http://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/viru lence-factor-53 (accessed August 3, 2010)
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