Review of the Research Program of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership Third Report (2010) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
2 Crosscutting Issues
2 Crosscutting Issues
Pages 33-56
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From page 33... ...
The Partnership's individual technical teams, which include members from the DOE, national laboratories, the automotive OEMs and suppliers, energy companies and power companies, work primarily at the vehicle component level and on the production, distribution, and delivery of hydrogen; in addition, there is recent attention on the interface between the nation's electricity delivery sys tem and the charging of electric vehicles (e.g., plug-in hybrid electric vehicles [PHEVs] or all-electric or battery electric vehicles [BEVs]
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From page 34... ...
. In its second report, the commit tee recommended that "the DOE should accelerate the development and validation of modeling tools that can be used to assess the roles of various propulsion system and vehicle technologies and fuels, and utilize them to determine the impact of the various opportunities on the overall Partnership goals of reducing petroleum use and air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions" (NRC, 2008, p.
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From page 35... ...
However, the systems analysis teams, particularly the VSATT, operate in a support role to the individual technical teams. The application of systems analysis to the overall guidance and management of the Partnership and the determination of technical directions in pursuit of the Partnership's overarching goals relating to national energy policy are much less transparent.
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From page 36... ...
This section on safety emphasizes the safety of hydrogen systems, but the other alternatives also deserve attention. An exemplary hydrogen safety record will not ensure the success of fuel cell vehicles and other hydrogen technologies under development by the Partnership and the eventual transition to a hydrogen economy; however, a poor safety record may delay or inhibit the widespread use of hydrogen.
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From page 37... ...
NOTE: H2 Behav = hydrogen behavior; RA = risk assessment; Mat Compat = materials compatibility; H2 Qual = hydrogen quality; C&S = codes and standards; DB = database; Props = properties. SOURCE: Antonio Ruiz, U.S.
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From page 38... ...
Apparently this has been done, and these milestones have been integrated into the codes and standards technical team roadmap. 3 See |
From page 39... ...
included a safety recommendation for form ing a "crosscutting safety technical team." That was not accomplished and thus was amplified in the Phase 2 report, as follows: "DOE should establish a program
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From page 40... ...
. high-Pressure hydrogen Storage Safety issues For the foreseeable future, compressed hydrogen is the most likely onboard hydrogen storage method for fuel cell vehicles.
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From page 41... ...
. In the Phase 2 report, the committee recommended that "DOT should develop a long-range, comprehensive hydrogen safety plan" and that the DOT milestones should be integrated into the codes and standards technical team roadmap to 2015 (NRC,
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From page 42... ...
This work should be based on the pathways work and should include production, distribution, dispensing, and the vehicles. It should apply to all six alternative fuels and their associated vehicle types, including the use of high-voltage electricity on many of these vehicles.
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From page 43... ...
Indeed, most project efforts seemed to be devoted directly or indirectly to research leading to technologies for achieving a hydrogen production and delivery infrastructure, effective vehicle onboard hydrogen storage, and vehicle fuel cells that could be mass-manufactured at acceptable costs. This type of distribution seemed appropriate to the committee, since the primary justification for govern ment involvement was considered to be the long-term, high-risk, high-payoff type of R&D that probably would not be done without government participation.
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From page 44... ...
elecTric Grid In view of the recent formation of the grid interaction technical team and the recent policy and commercial emphasis on PHEVs and BEVs, the committee reviewed the following: (1) the ability of the electric grid to support the entry of the PHEV and BEV and the implications for greenhouse gas reduction, (2)
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From page 45... ...
: Transitions to Alternatie Transportation Technologies -- Plug-in hybrid Electric vehicles examined market penetration rates for PHEVs far exceeding those used in the America's Energy Future study cited above (NAS/NAE/NRC, 2009)
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From page 46... ...
. An NRC committee, however, cautioned that the climate benefits of PHEVs are "small unless the grid is decarbonized with renewable energy, nuclear plants or fossil fuel fired plants equipped with carbon capture and storage technologies" (NRC, 2009, p.
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From page 47... ...
In addition, open-architecture standards could connect vehicle charging with market opportunities for renewable energy, perhaps as a distributed resource. Much progress has been made in developing these standards to serve a variety of vehicle-grid communication purposes.
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From page 48... ...
This is, of course, no different from charging a portable computer that has an intelligent battery charger, except that each vehicle battery will be larger, more powerful, and more expensive than a small personal computer battery. It is thus important to understand that the use of vehicle battery charging to optimize utility grid loads must be limited by these considerations.
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From page 49... ...
recommendations recommendation 2-6. The grid interaction technical team should work with state utility regulatory authorities, perhaps through the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, to ensure that the incentives provided by state regulations mesh well with the national interest in vehicle deployment, reduced oil consumption, and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
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From page 50... ...
recommendation 2-8. Standards for the reuse of electric vehicle batteries should be developed under leadership of the grid interaction technical team, and training materials for the use of these standards should be developed in parallel.
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From page 51... ...
The Partnership should consider including manufacturing processes among the precompetitive R&D programs. Because its funding origi nates in the United States, the Partnership should emphasize the technologies and methods most capable of realizing advanced vehicle production in the United States, to the extent that this is feasible.
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From page 52... ...
. The high energy cost for liquefying hydrogen inflicts a substantial penalty on the source-to-wheel effi ciency of a fuel cell vehicle (Bossel, 2006)
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From page 53... ...
. The systems analysis team is undertaking useful analyses of environmental issues such as the water use and resource constraints associated with alternate fuel pathways.
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From page 54... ...
. Energy efficiency, however, is not among the explicit targets for liquefaction technology set for the hydrogen production and the hydrogen delivery technical team (DOE, 2009)
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From page 55... ...
The Partnership should strengthen the links between the systems analysis teams and the technical teams. In particular, technological goals and targets should include consideration of priorities established in systems analysis, and systems analysis should be conducted on emerging technologies identified by the technical teams.
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From page 56... ...
2009. Transitions to Alternatie Transportation Technologies -- Plug-in hybrid Electric vehicles.
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