Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions (2010) / Chapter Skim
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conduct a study to: • Review the body of existing studies related to NASA space and Earth science missions and identify their key causes of cost growth and strategies for mitigating cost growth; • Assess whether those key causes remain applicable in the current environment and identify any new major causes; and • Evaluate effectiveness of current and planned NASA cost growth mitigation strategies and, as appropriate, recommend new strategies to ensure frequent mission opportunities. As part of this effort, NASA also asked the NRC to "note what differences, if any, exist with regard to Earth science compared with space science missions." COST GROWTH -- MAGNITuDE AND CAuSES NASA identified 10 cost studies and related analyses that this study uses as its primary references (listed in the References chapter and in Table 1.1)
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. The primary references identify a wide range of factors that contribute to cost and schedule growth of NASA Earth and space science missions.
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COMPREHENSIvE, INTEGRATED STRATEGy FOR COST AND SCHEDuLE CONTROL NASA sets the strategic direction of its Earth and space science programs using decadal surveys, the SMD science plan, and supporting road maps. A comprehensive, integrated approach to cost and schedule growth is also essential.
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Externally, NASA has the opportunity to collaborate with other federal agencies, the Office of Management and Budget, and Congress to sustain and improve critical capabilities and expertise in the industrial base and the nation's science and engineering workforce; to address cost and schedule risk associated with launch vehicles; and to improve funding stability. Successful implementation of a comprehensive, integrated strategy to control cost and schedule growth of NASA Earth and space science missions would benefit both NASA and the nation, while enabling NASA to more efficiently and effectively carry out these critical missions.
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produced at preliminary design review. Development Process Management of Announcement of Opportunity Missions and Directed Missions NASA implements two separate and distinct classes of Earth and space science missions announcement of opportunity (AO)
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The limited time and resources typically available in phases A and B to mature new technology and solidify system design parameters contribute to cost growth through higher risk and unrealistic cost estimates. Instrument technology is particularly important because Earth and space science missions generally require special-purpose, one-of-a-kind components.
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Space science missions that leave Earth orbit have greater incentives to minimize spacecraft mass and power, and the average cost and average spacecraft mass of these missions are lower than those for Earth science missions. How ever, the size of the cost growth of Earth and space science missions has been comparable.
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