Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols Phase I Report (2010) / Chapter Skim
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Concerns, particularly over nutrient criteria that vary widely and sometimes conflict among the many systems in the marketplace and over the potential for FOP symbols to encourage purchases, have fueled the current debate on the future use of FOP nutrition rating systems, which has in turn led to new government initiatives to identify better and more consistent approaches for FOP systems. THE COMMITTEE'S TASK AND APPROACH As a step toward determining how FOP systems should be used as a nutrition education tool in the future, Congress directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to undertake a study with the Institute of Medi cine to examine and provide recommendations regarding front-of-package nutrition rating systems and symbols.
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The findings are: Finding 1: Obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancers are the health risks affecting the greatest number of Americans that are also most strongly associated with diet. Finding 2: Americans consume too many calories, saturated fats, trans fats, and added sugars; too much sodium; and too little vitamin D, calcium, potassium, and fiber.
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• Summary Indicator Systems use a single symbol, icon, or score to provide summary information about the nutrient content of a product. No specific nutrient content information is given in these systems.
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1924/2006 Government for green/amber boundaries; UK Traffic Lighte Yes agency COMA and SACN advice for amber/red boundaries Wegmans Wellness FDA regulations for nutrient Retailer Yes Keysf content claims
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Yes FDA %DVs Foods Index experts Proprietary algorithm based upon Dietary Guidelines for Americans Non-industry NuVall No and DRIs, as well as experts established data in scientific literature continued
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FRONT-OF-PACKAGE NUTRITION RATING SYSTEMS AND SYMBOLS TABLE S-1 Continued Criteria System Publicly System Icon Program Name Developer Available Basis for Nutrient Criteria Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Kraft Food Yes authoritative statements Sensible Solutionm manufacturer from NAS and FDA Dietary Guidelines Industry and Smart for Americans and non-industry Yes Choicesn authoritative statements consortium from NAS and FDA PepsiCo Food Authoritative statements [Permission not obtained] Yes Smart Spoto manufacturer from FDA and NAS Sweden National Food National Food Government Yes Administration Regulation Administration agency LIVSFS 2005:9 Keyholep Australia/New Industry and Working-group [Permission not obtained]
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j Reprinted with permission of Giant Foods, LLC. k Heart Check Mark is a registered trademark of the American Heart Association.
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b Only specific nutrient content can be compared, e.g., sodium, saturated fat, etc. c Only overall nutritional value can be compared.
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c Nutrients of public health concern may be included in threshold criteria and algorithms but are not transparent to consumers. d Nutrients contributing to nutrient density are not transparent to consumers.
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c Nutrient thresholds or algorithms may include nutrients, food components, or weighting factors that are not specific to the product being evaluated and are imputed from food composition databases and literature that may or may not be publicly available. d The algorithms for some systems are not publicly available.
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Given the adverse health effects of excess calories, saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium intakes, it is critical to include these components in nutrition rating systems so as to help Americans choose foods with lower levels of these nutrients. Conclusion 5: There is insufficient evidence at this time to suggest that including the following nutrients would be useful in all types of front-of-package rating systems or symbols: total fat, cholesterol, total carbohydrate, total or added sugars, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals other than sodium.
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Total Fat • Total fat includes beneficial mono- and polyunsaturated fats, whose consumption is encouraged, and saturated and trans fats, whose consumption should be limited. Thus, it is difficult to characterize total fat content as either a positive or negative attribute of a food product.
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Nutrient Criteria For each of the potential systems, the committee identified ways in which criteria might be set for calories, saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium. Given ongoing consumer research by FDA and others, as well as the plans for examination of consumer use of FOP labeling in the second phase of the committee's work, the committee decided that it would be premature at this time to try to determine the type of FOP symbol or system that would be most useful in informing consumers and facilitating dietary changes.
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Because nutrition science and labeling regulations change, it would be useful to consider developing a formalized process for reassessment of a system's nutrient criteria. Further, to ensure that labeled products actually meet FOP nutrition criteria, it will be important that the criteria be transparent and publicly available, with analytical detections methods included.
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