New Research Directions for the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Workshop Report (2010) / Chapter Skim
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3 FUTURE RESEARCH AREAS AND IMPLICATIONS
3 FUTURE RESEARCH AREAS AND IMPLICATIONS
Pages 21-32
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From page 21... ...
Improved geodetic, photogrammetric, and remote sensing positioning 8. Geospatial information retrieval and extraction from text 9.
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From page 22... ...
This group stated that goals need to include optimizing analytical methods, decision cycles, and products through the use of fusion or synthesis; exploiting multi-source, multi-type, temporal and geospatial and dynamic active data; and developing new technologies. The second working group discussed the need to address four topics within visual analytics.
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From page 23... ...
– Using collaborative methods, such as social games, and visual interaction in aid of visual analytics – Communicating salient heterogeneous information to the end users (more effective participatory sensing) Developing the science of visual analytics for GEOINT – Addressing the cognitive issues cognitive models of human-computer systems extend theory of human interaction – Establish methods for evaluation and validation of reasoning and analysis techniques – Extend current techniques to address uncertainty, scale and space-time – Include mobile, collaborative, distributed interaction Integrative Analytics – 4D space-time representation and analysis techniques – Multi-level, heterogeneity, uncertainty – Algorithms: statistical, machine learning – Interactive analytics -- efficiently coping with massive amounts of information and data visual, haptic, auditory, etc.
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From page 24... ...
of the methods and tools Development of the science of visual analytics and narrative to optimize analytic methods, decision cycles, and products through the use of fusion, synthesis, multi-source, multitype, temporal and dynamic products plus technologies Integrating Sensors Emerging sensors, such as hyperspectral and LiDAR, will provide additional information, and, in combination with traditional remotely sensed data (panchromatic electro-optical) , will enable new information to be derived that could not have been derived from a single sensor.
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From page 25... ...
New paradigms for calibration – Traditional and new sensing modalities Automated geospatial feature extraction and knowledge generation from integrated multisensor and multi-source metric and non-metric data acquisition systems and prior knowledge Heterogeneous spatial data acquisition and analysis – Using participatory sensing to leverage geo-spatial data collection – Modeling – Adaptive sensing, participatory sensing, multi-sensor, multi-platform – Quality control (e.g., best practices, benchmarking) – Issues of data provenance and privacy Human Terrain and Behavior The human terrain theme arose in a number of working groups and encompasses analyzing geospatial-based observations, algorithmic modeling, and assessing or predicting
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From page 26... ...
– Security-privacy issues -- how to influence social media to generate data that is needed; how to gauge credibility, reliability, etc. – Knowledge -- recognize human behavior, data repository plus expertise repository – Shared conclusions and findings -- collaborative information generation and decision making – Participatory expertise – Understanding relation of cultural and social factors – Guidelines on policy and practice of collection Development of data collection techniques, analytics, forecasting, visualization, and service chains, plus theories that can simultaneously accommodate integrated geospatial, temporal, dynamic social network and socio-cultural factors for rapid social situation assessment
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From page 27... ...
Recognizing that both the opportunity and the challenge of participatory sensing arise from human participation, many participants identified the following key elements of a research agenda that will enable effective use of participatory sensing in GEOINT: Effectively involving human participants using mobile technologies – Methods for planning and optimizing sensing – Methods for control and creating incentivizes Addressing quality, uncertainty, and trustworthiness of participant-contributed data – Methods to cope with human bias, selection bias, competence, sabotage Responsibly involving human participants – Policy issues – Privacy mechanisms Integrating unplanned, unstructured participatory sensing data into GEOINT Incorporating prior information Summary of Working Group Discussions on Participatory Sensing Enable use of participatory sensing for GEOINT – Methods for planning and optimization – Addressing uncertainty and trust issues – Addressing policy and privacy issues – Integration and augmentation of unplanned, unstructured participatory data into GEOINT – Develop methods of incorporating a priori information Techniques for incorporating humans in the loop in the collection and processing of data – Utilizing volunteers – Making use of mobile technologies – Issues of quality (human bias, selection bias, competence, sabotage) – Mechanisms for control and creating incentives
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From page 28... ...
– Integrated space-time structure Four-dimensional modeling – Incorporation of space and time dynamics – Incorporation of social, cultural, and behavioral factors – Representation, communication, and visualization of time Development of New Paradigms for Conveying Certainty This topic of conveying certainty arose in almost all aspects of working group discussions as a long-term issue across all NGA core areas that requires more robust treatment. As NGA moves from traditional data sources toward more ad hoc and less quantitative data sources, participants stated that renewed or new emphasis is necessary in the following areas: the development of tools for establishing data and information quality at all stages of the information chain from collection to decision making; the creation of methods to establish reliability of participatory data; the development of methods to detect participatory data manipulation; and the means to convey reliability in visual data.
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From page 29... ...
Improved Geodetic, Photogrammetric, and Remote Sensing Positioning The workshop participants noted that remote sensing, geodetic, and photogrammetry data will continue to require improved positioning to be used effectively in geospatial intelligence. Improved positioning is necessary for addressing climatic issues, such as sea level rise and ice sheet changes, earthquake activity, intelligent transportation, and for high geometric accuracy associated with existing and new sensor data sets.
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From page 30... ...
Therefore, the participants state that research is needed to develop database technology and spatial data infrastructures that are capable of handling data that is multi-dimensional, spatially and temporally multi-scale, and multi-source, ranging from authoritative to participatory and public. The database requirements for extremely high spectral and spatial resolution, multimedia imagery and free form text, as integrated over the entire Earth, will continue to challenge most existing data schema and models.
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From page 31... ...
Summary of Working Group Discussions on Geospatial Narrative How to develop computational narratives – a representation structure for narratives in a dynamic database Narrative as an object that can be manipulated (production of narrative products at multiple levels of explanation) Auto-generation of narratives from multiple sources Narrative maps to show evolution of activities IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC INFRASTRUCTURE Some discussion was devoted to the implications of the above research themes for the scientific infrastructure.
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From page 32... ...
32 NEW RESEARCH DIRECTIONS FOR NGA felt that the record of the discussions and ideas presented at the workshop figure prominently in this report. From among these discussions, hopefully, ideas for the next generation of research at the NGA can emerge.
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