The Power of Renewables Opportunities and Challenges for China and the United States (2010) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Life Cycle Assessment of Solar Thermal Power Technology in China
Appendix B: Life Cycle Assessment of Solar Thermal Power Technology in China
Pages 217-226
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From page 217... ...
LCA is conducted using APG modules for control interface, input of data listing, output of data listing, and environmental impact assessments. Five processes are divided and modeled in the life cycle of solar tower power plants: 1.
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From page 218... ...
Processes modeled in the life cycle of the solar thermal power plants are depicted in Figure B-1. Assessment Methods The life cycle of the solar thermal power plant is completed using the follow ing three environmental load profiles.
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From page 219... ...
EPT = i AEO − AOE ∑ LCOEE + ∑ LCEEE • CEE j j ij (B-3) j i CEF = LCEO where LCEO is the energy output from an energy conversion plant over its entire life cycle; LCEEi and LCOE are the "equipment" and "operation" energies over the life cycle of each process of the system, respectively (i represents each process, i.e., manufacturing material and equipment, transportation, and construction)
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From page 220... ...
Based on the environmental impact characteristics of solar thermal power plant, global warming emissions such as CO2, NOx, CO, and acidification emissions such as SO2, and NOx in the life cycle of the power plant are quantified and analyzed. The Equivalency Factor Approach is adopted for the GWP analysis in this report.
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From page 221... ...
Life cycle inventory (LCI) of 300 MW solar thermal power plant: (I)
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From page 222... ...
Without taking into account these energy expenses, from Tables B-1 and B-3, the fossil energy required in the power plant life cycle is calculated to be 0.29 MJ/kWh for central tower technology. Cumulative energy demand and the life cycle of solar thermal power plants are listed in Table B-5.
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From page 223... ...
For acidification emissions such as SO2 and NOx, the Equivalency Factor Approach TABLE B-5 Cumulative Energy Demand in the Life Cycle of Solar Thermal Power Plants Energy demand values (MJ/KWh) Phases Solar field 0.2394 Power block 0.0037 Buildings construction 0.0248 Transports 0.0035 Operation 0.0203 Total 0.29
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From page 224... ...
4 APPENDIX b power block 1% construction array 9% 82% transpor tation 1% operation 7% FIGURE B-2 The percentage breakdown of energy demand in the life cycle of solar B-2.eps thermal power plants. power block 1% construction 12% array 78% transpor tation 2% operation 7% FIGURE B-3 The percentage breakdown of CO2 emissions in the life cycle of solar thermal power plants.
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From page 225... ...
value (kg) CO2 31.6 1 31.6 GWP 32.1 NOX 0.0148 320 0.4736 CO 0.0142 2 0.0284 TABLE B-8 Global Warming Emissions for Solar Thermal Power Plants Reported in Literatures (g CO2 equiv./kW h)
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From page 226... ...
• The cumulative energy demand of the life cycle of solar thermal power plant is much lower than the energy produced. • CO2 value of global warming emissions is around 31.6 g/kWh, which is much lower than the value of 738 g/kWh for competing fossil technologies.
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