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The Power of Renewables Opportunities and Challenges for China and the United States (2010) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: Environmental Considerations for Photovoltaics
Pages 233-240

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From page 233...
... It is very difficult for Chinese companies to acquire these key technologies, which is a major reason for the high energy consumption and high pollution of existing polysilicon producers. Table D-1 shows the economic factors for an annual production of 1,000 tons of polysilicon in China (Long et al., 2008; Su, 2008; Zeng, 2008)
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From page 234...
... (3) Purification of SiHCl3 from the gas mixture.
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From page 235...
... Power consumption 0.6 billion kWH per annum Power produced by solar cells 200 MW per annum Power regeneration ratio (over 20 years) About 8 Power generation cost 7–12 times biomass power generation, 6–10 times wind power generation, 11–18 times traditional coal power generation.
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From page 236...
... The treatment process in the discharging and treating of hydrofluoric acid wastewater couples chemical precipitation, flocculent precipitation, and filtration. The fluoride is changed into calcium fluoride and separated from the wastewater
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From page 237...
... D-2.eps landscape 7
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From page 238...
... Advanced membrane separation technologies, such as a modified polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and ceramic membrane, can be used for the purification of the acid wastewater by the removal of metal and nonmetal compounds in the acid waste water. The purified acid wastewater would only have hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, which can be easily recycled for reuse by adjusting the concentrations of the two acids.
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From page 239...
... D-4.eps landscape 
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From page 240...
... 2. In the process of manufacturing solar cells from polysilicon, a treatment process for the acidic wastewater that contains hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid is urgently needed.
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Key Terms

  • hydrofluoric acid
  • nitric acid
  • acid wastewater
  • solar cells
  • modified siemens

  • siemens process
  • chinese companies
  • silicon solar
  • key technologies
  • amorphous silicon

  • environmental pollution
  • silicon tetrachloride
  • purified acid
  • annum power
  • texture preparation

  • membrane separation
  • advanced membrane
  • power generation
  • annual production
  • energy consumption

  • serious pollution
  • separation technologies
  • separate hydrofluoric
  • contains hydrofluoric
  • flow sheet

  • modified polytetrafluoroethylene
  • containing hydrofluoric
  • easily recycled
  • backward technologies
  • presently suffers


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