The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

II Disease Threats
Pages 11-26

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 11... ... reduced the burden of human disease, but we are a long way from Animal Carriers conquering infectious diseases. Many of the diseases that afﬂict people today During the past three decades, 37 new human are caused by microbes whose ancestors came pathogens have been identiﬁed as disease threats. Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... and deadly viral illness swept out from China's transmit the Nipah virus. Harbored in fruit bats, the virus Guangdong Province and spread rapidly around the afﬂicted slaughterhouse workers world before it was contained that summer. Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... In 2009 there were 720 reported cases of West Nile virus in the United States, of which Many other common infections, including malaria, 32 were fatal. yellow fever, Lyme disease, and typhus, are spread to humans from animals via the bites of insects and other Wild or domestic animals are natural reservoirs for arthropods. Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that progress in reducing foodborne infections had stalled, pointing to gaps in the existing food safety system and the need to develop improved food safety practices as products move from the farm to the table. Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... , the most common form of viral foodborne illness, spread easily in places where large numbers of the intestine; some, like cholera, produce a toxin people are gathered together, such as cruise ships. that causes the body to secrete water, resulting in diarrhea. Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... Remove Consumers can reduce the risk of foodborne illness and discard the outermost leaves from a head of by adhering to the following safe food handling and lettuce or cabbage. Because bacteria can grow on preparation practices: the cut surface of fruits or vegetables, be careful not to contaminate these foods while slicing them on Wash hands thoroughly with soap and warm water a cutting board, and avoid leaving cut produce at before handling food. Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... Unlike most other viruses, HIV attacks the Lower respiratory tract infections (including pneumonia) account for more than 4 million deaths worldwide -- the greatest global killer among infectious diseases. Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... TB infection, HIV infection is of tuberculosis and 1.8 million deaths. The vast the strongest known risk factor for progressing to majority of TB deaths are in the developing world, active TB disease. Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... can lead to death. Malaria serves as a particularly dramatic example water development projects, such as dams, which of infectious disease re-emergence and illustrates create new mosquito breeding sites. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... from the cough or sneeze of an infected person are Hemagglutinin permits virus particles to gain access propelled through the air and land on the mouth or to the cell's interior, and neuraminidase helps newly nose of someone nearby. Flu viruses may also spread produced copies of the virus break free of the cell in when a person touches respiratory droplets on another quest of other cells to invade. Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... . Of these pandemics, the 1918–1919 genetic mutations in a virus subtype's surface proteins virus was the most fearsome, killing 50 million that result in a new strain of the virus -- a process to 100 million people worldwide (or between known as antigenic drift. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... from the cough or sneeze of an infected person are Hemagglutinin permits virus particles to gain access propelled through the air and land on the mouth or to the cell's interior, and neuraminidase helps newly nose of someone nearby. Flu viruses may also spread produced copies of the virus break free of the cell in when a person touches respiratory droplets on another quest of other cells to invade. Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... The problem is growing antibiotic resistance -- the ability of bacteria to resist the effects of an antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria undergo a genetic change that reduces or eliminates the 23 Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... The story of staph bacteria and The Toll of Resistance Antibiotic resistance has been called one of the antibiotics illustrates the perils world's most pressing public health problems. of drug resistance. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... But drug-resistant staph is also showing up in healthy people who have not been staying in a hospital. If common staph bacteria were to become In the United States, 70 percent of all deaths are due to resistant to all readily available antibiotics, the chronic diseases. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... Studies are in progress to address this possibility. New Treatment Approaches Proof that certain infections cause chronic diseases raises the promise of treatment with antibiotics or vaccines. Read the entire page →

From page 11...

... reduced the burden of human disease, but we are a long way from Animal Carriers conquering infectious diseases. Many of the diseases that afﬂict people today During the past three decades, 37 new human are caused by microbes whose ancestors came pathogens have been identiﬁed as disease threats.

II Disease Threats Pages 11-26

II Disease Threats
Pages 11-26