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1 Introduction
Pages 11-34

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From page 11...
... , and academics conclude: effective private–public collaborations are essential for building community-level disaster resilience. This prompts a series of questions: • What is resilience?
From page 12...
... , the National Research Council convened a panel of experts to assess the state of the art of private–public sector collaboration dedicated to strengthening community resilience, to identify gaps in knowledge and practice, and to recommend research to be targeted for investment by the DHS Human Factors Behavioral Sciences Division. The committee comprised researchers and practitioners who had expertise in emergency management, local-government management and administration, community and multistakeholder collaboration, criticalinfrastructure protection, disaster management, and on-the-ground experience in establishing and maintaining community-resilience initiatives and public–private partnerships.
From page 13...
... The study will be organized around a public workshop that explores issues including the following through invited presentations and facilitated discussions among invited participants: • Current efforts at the regional, state and community levels to develop private–public partnerships for the purpose of developing and enhancing community preparedness and resilience; • Motivators, inhibitors, advantages and liabilities for private sector engagement in private–public sector cooperation in planning, resource allocation and preparedness for natural and man-made hazards; • Distinctions in perceptions or motivations between large national-level corporations and the small business community that might influence the formation of private–public sector partnerships, particularly in smaller or rural communities; • Gaps in current knowledge and practice in private–public sector partnerships that inhibit the ability to develop collaboration across sectors; • Research areas that could bridge these gaps; and • Design, development and implementation of collaborative endeavors for the purpose of strength ening the resilience of communities to natural and man-made hazards.
From page 14...
... Implicit in discussion of building community disaster resilience in this report is that all sectors of a community (government, private for-profit, private nonprofit, and citizens) can and should participate in building resilience through all phases of disaster: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery.
From page 15...
... The committee understands that private–public collaboration to achieve community disaster resilience hinges on the notion that disruptions such as disasters tear at all or portions of a community's social fabric.
From page 16...
... Figure 1.1 shows a steady rise in the financial losses associated with natural disasters worldwide from 1980 to 2009. By comparison, Table 1.1 lists the human and economic losses to major human-caused disasters worldwide in 2009, according to loss category.
From page 17...
... . Natural Disasters According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
From page 18...
... See earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/ (accessed September 10, 2010)
From page 19...
... Increasing population in urban centers means a greater risk of spread of disease. Part of an all-hazards approach to community resilience is consideration of all manner of threats to public health that can affect the health, economy, and proper functioning of the community.
From page 20...
... . Cyber Failure and Cyber Attacks Cyber infrastructure refers to infrastructure based on integrated distributed computer, information, and communication technology; it includes not only the electronic systems themselves -- composed of the hardware and software that process, store, and communicate data -- but also on the information contained in these systems (NSF, 2003; DHS, 2009)
From page 21...
... 35% of the Gulf of Mexico Federal Waters Mississippi 31°N 31°N Louisiana Mobile a col nsa Pe Gulfpor t 1-3a Mobile Bay 93°30'W Panama City @State/Fed Cape 30°N 30°N Chandeleur Florida San Blas Water Line Sound 85°29'W New Orleans Morgan City Vermilio n @ State/Fed Bay Water Line 29°N 29°N 29°31'N 28°58'N 93°36'W 91°40'W 28°24'N 28°10'N 91° 00'W 28°23'N 84°30'W 28°34'N 85°55'W 91°32'W Tampa 27°55'N 28°N 27°39'N 28°N 84°24'W 89°50'W 27°38'N 84°30'W 27°02'N 27°35'N 86°23'W 90°33'W 27°N 27°N 86°16'W @Outer Federal Water Boundary -20 26°17'N GULF of MEXICO 0m 83°NapW 56'les 26°N 26°N 84°53'W @Outer Federal Fishery Closure Boundary Water Boundary as of 6pm Eastern Time 25°N 25°N 12 July 2010 D ry DWH/BP Incident Location Tortugas Closure Points 24°N 24°N Closure Area 0 30 60 120 180 240 Miles Federal Water Boundary 94°W 93°W 92°W 91°W 90°W 89°W 88°W 87°W 86°W 85°W 84°W 83°W 82°W (c) 93°W 92°W 91°W 90°W 89°W 88°W 87°W 86°W 85°W 84°W 83°W 82°W 81°W 80°W 32°N 32°N Fishery Closure Area=43000 mi2 (111369 km2)
From page 22...
... . Cyber failure can result from either natural events or malicious cyber attacks.
From page 23...
... . Business Practices and Technologic Evolution The increasing pace of social change, economic innovation, and technologic advance combine to create potential unanticipated vulnerability.
From page 24...
... Elements of U.S. disaster-management policy are reflected in legislation and initiatives, including the Stafford Act;9 the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000;10 the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act;11 such presidential directives as Homeland Security Presidential Directives 5 and 8;12 and past and current federal disaster plans and initiatives, such as the Federal Response Plan,13 the National Response Plan,14 and the National Response Framework (FEMA, 2008)
From page 25...
... . FEMA provided funds to more than 250 communities for mitigation and preparedness activities while promoting local autonomy in how the funds were used to reduce risk.18 The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 provided communities with more incentives for predisaster mitigation through the federally funded risk-reduction program.
From page 26...
... Through community effort, Tulsa instituted long-term mitigation activities to reduce flood frequency and severity. Efforts included improving and main taining channels and detention storage basins and clearing more than 1,000 buildings from floodplains.b Despite the termination of Project Impact in 2002, private–public sector collaboration to improve community resilience continues today through an NGO called Tulsa Partners, Inc.c Project Impact was initiated in 1997 with a $2 million appropriation.
From page 27...
... In this report, unless otherwise specified, the terms partnership, coalition, network, joint venture, and alliance refer to various types of organizations or mechanisms that enable collaboration in the broadest sense, regardless of the formality of the arrangement. Different sectors may identify these See www.dhs.gov/xfoia/archives/gc_1157649340100.shtm (accessed June 21, 2010)
From page 28...
... To determine how this could be done, the committee convened, as part of its charge, a national workshop that brought together researchers and others from for-profit organizations, various levels of government, and citizen and volunteer organizations actively involved in collaborative approaches to community disaster resilience (NRC, 2010a)
From page 29...
... Having diverse stakeholders participate in discussion helped to bring to light a number of verifiable best practices as applied in numerous successful partnerships that crossed sector and jurisdictional boundaries. The committee developed some presumptive principles that became the organizing themes for its workshop: • Collaboration is essential for community disaster resilience.
From page 30...
... (IOM, 2006: 13) This study is the first, however, to focus solely on community-level resilience and especially on the role of private–public collaboration in enhancing community-level disaster resilience.
From page 31...
... Emmitsburg, MD: Emergency Management Institute. Available at training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/emoutline.asp (accessed June 20, 2010)
From page 32...
... 2009. Applications of Social Network Analysis for Building Community Disaster Resilience: Workshop Summary.
From page 33...
... 2010a. P rivate–Public Sector Collaboration to Enhance Community Disaster Resilience: A Workshop Report.


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