Nanotechnology and Oncology Workshop Summary (2011) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 1-8
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, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale" (NNI, 2010)
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Even so, there are substantial challenges to overcoming clinical research and translational science hurdles. These challenges include • Bridging interdisciplinary gaps to gather basic knowledge in order to more effectively design, develop, test, and regulate nanomedicines • Developing appropriate standards for testing, manufacturing, and regulation of nanotechnology, and closing current regulation gaps • Discerning and balancing the risks and benefits of nanotechnology, as well as conveying these risks and benefits to both policymakers and the public.
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But the key features these definitions tend to all share are that nanotechnology is engineered materials that make use of the unique physical properties possessed by the materials due to their size -- properties that blend atomic or molecular properties with more commonly encountered bulk properties. The unique properties of nanomaterials enable novel applications, but, as several speakers pointed out, require the harnessing of multiple disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, engineering, materials science, and biology to further the field of nanotechnology.
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The heat of the energized nanoshells kills the tumor cells. Nanoshells are also used to provide targeted delivery of drugs to tumor cells.
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Dr. Anna Barker, former deputy director of the National Cancer Institute, noted that the increased Nanowires These are wires of metal, oxide, or semiconductor materials, and they pos sess diameters in the nanometer range.
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By engineering those properties on the nanoscale, one can acquire the aerodynamics needed to effectively deliver inhaled medicines deep into the lungs, his dog animal model suggests. There also can be sustained release and residence in certain tissues due to the unique features of various nanomaterials that other classic small molecules do not have, according to Dr.
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Gilloon Professor and professor of chemis try at the California Institute of Technology, professor of molecular and medical pharmacology at the University of California, Los Angeles, and director of the NanoSystems Biology Cancer Center, and Scott Manalis, associate professor of biological and mechanical engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, showed how it is possible to do single-cell diagnostics using nanotechnology.
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These additional parameters include quantum effects, structure, shape, particle concentration, number, size, size distribution, surface chemistry, and tendency to aggregate or self assemble.
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