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2 NASA Interagency Collaboration
Pages 16-31

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From page 16...
... This chapter also briefly reviews lessons that may be derived from international collaborations. NASA-USGS-NOAA-DOD COLLABORATION NASA initiated what has now become the Landsat program as a research activity.
From page 17...
... The Landsat Program The Landsat series of satellites began with the launch of ERTS-1 (Earth Resources Technology Satellite, later renamed Landsat 1) in 1972 and continues to this day, providing the world's longest continuously acquired collection of space-based land remote sensing data.
From page 18...
... This view proved incorrect, and the Landsat program underwent additional manage ment changes in the late-1980s during a failed transition to private industry. A decade of attempts to commercialize Landsat and changes in program management ensued, ending with the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992, which returned program management to the federal government under joint management of the Department of Defense (specifically the USAF)
From page 19...
... Over the years, the two agencies have collaborated on several scientific missions that also had value to DOD. Most recently, this includes the Advanced Composition Explorer (described earlier in the Chapter 1 section entitled "Use of Resources Example: Space Weather Data from the Advanced Composition Explorer")
From page 20...
... have collaborated to pursue research in highenergy astrophysics. Although NASA and DOE also have interests that align in areas related to climate research, advanced computational capabilities, and characterization of the near-Earth space environment, NASA-DOE collaborations in the Earth sciences typically have focused more on specific activities than on space and Earth science missions.
From page 21...
... 17 NASA assigned GLAST mission management and mission systems engineering to the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)
From page 22...
... In response to the 2003 NRC report Connecting Quarks with the Cosmos: Eleven Science Questions for the New Century, NASA formed the Beyond Einstein program, which included concepts for two flagship missions and three lower-cost probe-class missions. One of the probe-class missions was the Dark Energy Probe.
From page 23...
... . The Committee provides the budget request of $2,300,000 for JDEM, and strongly supports development of the JDEM through full and open competition with project management residing at the appropriate NASA center." The Senate Appropriations Committee text for the FY 2009 Appropriations Bill for the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies stated, "The Committee also provides the full budget request of $8,500,000 for the Joint Dark Energy Mission [JDEM]
From page 24...
... Davis, History of the NOAA satellite program, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 1:012504, 2007, available at http:// www.osd.noaa.gov/download/JRS012504-GD.pdf; and NASA, Nimbus Program History, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., 2004, available at http://atmospheres.gsfc.nasa.gov/ uploads/files/Nimbus_History.pdf . 29 Government Accountability Office, Weather Satellites: Planning for the Geostationary Satellite Program Needs More Attention, GAO/ AIMD-97-37, Washington, D.C., March 1997, available at http://goes.gsfc.nasa.gov/text/gao97.goes.pdf, p.
From page 25...
... In particular, during the latest NASA Senior Review for Continuation of Earth Science Missions, one of the criteria was how science data were used by operational agencies -- evidence that despite differences in culture and interest, NASA is well aware of the immediate societal benefits of its research data products. 32 National Research Council, Satellite Observations of the Earth's Environment: Accelerating the Transitions of Research to Operations , The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2003, available at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?
From page 26...
... Finally, the committee notes that problems in executing the transition to operations are not confined to Earth science missions. The importance of ensuring critical measurements of the solar wind upstream from Earth is noted in Chapter 1 (see the section entitled "Use of Resources Example: Space Weather Data from the Advanced Com position Explorer")
From page 27...
... Given the success of international collaboration in the space arena since the earliest days of the space program, it is instructive to look at international activity as a "best practice." The potential advantages of international collaborations are numerous, but realizing these advantages can be complicated by a number of factors. Instruments built by one partner may not be designed to the exact require ments of another partner, and technology-transfer restrictions may prevent the exchange of technical details about the instruments which are needed to facilitate mission development.
From page 28...
... The rules are less rigidly adhered to today but still form the basis for assessing international activities. 40 Recent and notable examples of joint ventures in Earth sciences include EOS, a series of space-based precision altimetry missions (TOPEX/Poseidon, 1992; Jason-1, 2001; and Jason-2, 2008)
From page 29...
... A recent NRC study on controlling the costs of Earth and space science missions46 indicated that the most commonly identified factors that contribute to mission cost and schedule growth are (1) overly optimistic and unrealistic initial cost estimates, (2)
From page 30...
... for U.S. multiagency developments and foreign collaborations compared with U.S.
From page 31...
... Fermi/GLAST JDEM/Omega LDCM Landsat -7 100 C/NOFS 10 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Complexity Index FIGURE 2.4 Complexity of U.S. multiagency developments, foreign collaborations, and U.S.


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