Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2010 Symposium (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Green Clouds: The Next Frontier--Parthasarathy Ranganathan
Green Clouds: The Next Frontier--Parthasarathy Ranganathan
Pages 27-38
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From page 27... ...
are presenting us with new opportunities and challenges. The confluence of these trends has led us to rethink the way we design systems -- motivating holistic designs that cross traditional design boundaries.
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From page 28... ...
For example, for every watt of power consumed in the server of a datacenter, an additional half to one watt of power is consumed in the equipment responsible for power delivery and cooling (often referred to as the burdened costs of power and cooling, or power usage effectiveness [PUE] [Belady et al., 2008]
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From page 29... ...
To illustrate this challenge, consider, as an example, the potential infrastruc ture in a future cloud datacenter. On the basis of recent trends, one can assume that there will be five global datacenters with 40 modular containers each, 10 racks per container, 4 enclosures per rack, and 16 blade servers per enclosure.
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From page 30... ...
. The amount of online data is estimated to have increased nearly 60-fold in the last seven years, and data from richer sensors, digitization of offline content, and new applications like Twitter, Search, and others will surely increase data growth rates.
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From page 31... ...
INvENTING THE FUTURE -- CROSS-DISCIPLINARY HOLISTIC SYSTEM DESIGN We believe that the confluence of all these trends -- the march toward exascale computing and its associated challenges, opportunities related to emerging large-scale distributed data-centric workloads, and potential disruptions from emerging advances in technology -- offers us a unique opportunity to rethink traditional system design. We believe that the next decade of innovation will be characterized by a holistic emphasis that cuts across traditional design boundaries -- across layers of design from chips to datacenters; across different fields in computer science, including hardware, systems, and applications; and across different engineering disciplines, including computer engineering, mechanical engineering, and envi ronmental engineering.
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From page 32... ...
A key need, therefore, is for a carefully designed, flexible, extensible coordination framework that minimizes the need for global information exchange and central arbitration. In this first example, we explain how a collaborative effort between com puter scientists, thermo-mechanical engineers, and control engineering experts led to a novel coordination solution.
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From page 33... ...
a control-theoretic core to enable formal guarantees of stability and (b) intelligent overloading of control channels to include the impact of other controllers, reduce the number of interfaces, and limit the need to access global data.
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From page 34... ...
For example, although energy-proportional designs are optimal in terms of operational electricity consumption, virtual machine con solidation is more sustainable than energy proportionality in some cases. Next, the ratio of embedded exergy to total exergy has been steadily increasing over the years, motivating new optimizations that explicitly target embedded exergy (e.g., recycling or dematerialization)
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From page 35... ...
thermal density clustering for lower cooling exergy. From Microprocessors to Nanostores The third example is a cross-disciplinary collaboration among device physicists, computer engineers, and systems software developers to design a disruptive new system architecture for future data-centric workloads (Figure 3)
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From page 36... ...
Research opportunities include in-systems software optimizations for single-level data stores, new endurance optimizations to improve data reliability, and architectural balance among com pute, communication, and storage.
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From page 37... ...
. Overall, the future of computing systems offers rich opportunities for more innovation by the engineering community, particularly for cross-disciplinary research that goes beyond traditional design boundaries.
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From page 38... ...
2008. Why are data warehouses growing so fast?
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