Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary
Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary
Pages 523-536
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From page 523... ...
2D. In AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AI Adequate Intake ALTM All-laboratory trimmed mean AMDR Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range ATBC Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study BDI Beck Depression Inventory BMAD Bone mineral apparent density BMC Bone mineral content BMD Bone mineral density BMI Body mass index BV Bone volume 523
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524 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES FOR CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D CCHS Canadian Community Health Survey CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CG Control group CHMS Canadian Health Measures Survey CI Confidence interval CNF Canadian Nutrient File CPBA Competitive protein binding assay CVD Cardiovascular disease CYP Cytochrome P450 DBP Vitamin D binding protein DEQAS Vitamin D External Quality Assurance Scheme DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid DRI Dietary Reference Intake DXA Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry EAR Estimated Average Requirement EPIC European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition EPIDOS Epidémiologie de l'Ostéoporose study FGF23 Fibroblast-like growth factor-23 FN Femoral neck GC Gas chromatography GFR Glomerular filtration rate HPFS Health Professionals Follow-up Study HR Hazard ratio IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IFN Interferon Ig Immunoglobulin IG Intervention group IHD Ischemic heart disease IL Interleukin IOM Institute of Medicine iPTH Intact parathyroid hormone IU International Unit K-MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination for Koreans
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APPENDIX A 525 LC Liquid chromatography LOAEL Lowest-observed-adverse-effect level LS Lumbar spine LSM Least squares mean MAS Milk-alkali syndrome MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination mo Month(s) mRNA Messenger ribonucleic acid MrOS Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study MS Mass spectrometry; Multiple sclerosis MS/MS Tandem mass spectrometry NA Not applicable NCa Normocalcemic NCHS National Center for Health Statistics NCI National Cancer Institute ND Not determined NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHS Nurses' Health Study NIH National Institutes of Health NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NOAEL No-observed-adverse-effect level NOD Nonobese diabetic NR Not reported NS Not significant OA Osteoarthritis OC Oral contraceptive OP Osteoporosis OR Odds ratio OV Osteoid volume PLCO Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial PM Postmenopausal POMS Profile of Mood States PTH Parathyroid hormone PTHrP Parathyroid hormone–related protein RA Rheumatoid arthritis RANK Receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B
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From page 526... ...
Department of Agriculture UV Ultraviolet UVB Ultraviolet B VDDR Vitamin D–dependent rickets VDR Vitamin D receptor VDRE Vitamin D–responsive element VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor WHI Women's Health Initiative WWEIA What We Eat in America wk Week(s)
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From page 527... ...
A Adequate Intake The recommended average daily intake level of a nutrient based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or es timates of intakes that are assumed to be adequate for a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people; used when the Recom mended Dietary Allowance cannot be determined.
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From page 528... ...
A Cardiovascular disease Any abnormal condition characterized by dysfunction of the heart and blood vessels; includes atherosclerosis (especially coronary heart disease) , cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension.
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From page 529... ...
Depression condition of general emotional dejection and withdrawal; sad A ness greater and more prolonged than that warranted by any ob jective reason. Dermis The sensitive connective tissue layer of the skin located below the epidermis, containing nerve endings, sweat and sebaceous glands, and blood and lymph vessels.
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Estimated Average Requirement The average daily nutrient intake level that is estimated to meet the requirements of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.
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Hyperglycemia high blood sugar; an elevated level specifically of the sugar glu A cose in the blood. Hypertension/hypertensive Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg.
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From page 532... ...
The five conditions are high blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, high levels of circulating triglycerides, low levels of circulating high-density lipoprotein, and excess fat in the abdominal area. Microsome small particle in the cytoplasm of a cell, typically consisting A of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum to which ribosomes are attached.
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From page 533... ...
A Osteoclast large multinucleate cell found in growing bone that resorbs A bony tissue, as in the formation of canals and cavities. Osteocyte branched cell imbedded in the matrix of bone tissue.
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From page 534... ...
Recommended Dietary Allowance The average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97.5 percent) healthy indi viduals in a particular life stage and gender group.
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From page 535... ...
Tolerable Upper Intake Level The highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects to almost all individuals in the general population. As intake increases above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level, the potential risk of adverse effects may increase.
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From page 536... ...
536 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES FOR CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D Vasodilatation Relaxation or widening of the blood vessels; leads to a lowered blood pressure. Vitamin D Also referred to as calciferol; comprises a group of fat-soluble seco sterols.
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