Public Response to Alerts and Warnings on Mobile Devices Summary of a Workshop on Current Knowledge and Research Gaps (2011) / Chapter Skim
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3 Communicating During a Crisis
3 Communicating During a Crisis
Pages 21-30
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From page 21... ...
In the next workshop session, Technologies for Alerts and Warnings: Past, Present, and Future, Robert Dudgeon, San Francisco Department of Emergency Management; Jennifer Preece, University of Maryland; and David Waldrop, Microsoft, Inc., considered the role of social net works in alerting and warning. Nalini Venkatasubramanian, University of California, Irvine, then discussed future alerting technologies.
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From page 22... ...
Information shared using these tools, or even information simply exchanged among individuals, includes not only text but images and video, which are readily captured using mobile telephones. As a result, those directly affected by a disaster can also become key sources of information about the event.
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From page 23... ...
and may provide additional information that they think will be of interest to their connections. Social media can also broaden the reach of conven tional media; people commonly redistribute links to news reports about disasters.
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From page 24... ...
Further complicating the situation, the San Francisco city government lacked the authority to close the city's beaches even though the bunker fuel was toxic. The upshot of the situation was that the San Francisco Department of Emergency Management found itself dealing with the repercussions of a nondisaster that, despite a very successful cleanup effort, was being viewed as a disaster by the public.
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From page 25... ...
The interactive map not only showed the locations of the fires but also where to find shelters, where evacuation centers were, and even where evacuees could take their animals. INFORMATION SHARINg AND gATHERINg A recent study that examined people's use of social media in respond ing to the 20092010 H1N1 influenza outbreak found that people used social media not only to forward the official messages but also to add pointers to additional information that might or might not have been deemed reliable by health care authorities.
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From page 26... ...
A flash flood that occurred in March 2010 in San Francisco illustrates the potential for using social media to gather information about an inci dent. During the course of that event, emergency managers had received word from 911 telephone reports of a sinkhole at a downtown intersec tion.
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From page 27... ...
Another lesson learned from the San Francisco flash flood incident is that people on the ground may be the source of both the first reports and the most detailed reports (including pictures and video) -- and can make such information widely available to the public using social media.
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From page 28... ...
Looking ahead, workshop participants suggested several directions for nextgeneration tools. These include building alerting tools that employ multiple communications channels (e.g., email, Web, social networks, and mobile)
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From page 29... ...
See John Sorensen, Barbara Vogt Sorensen, Allen Smith, and Zachary Williams. Results of an Investigation of the Effectiveness of Using Reverse Telephone Emergency Warning Systems in October 00 San Diego Wildfires.
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From page 30... ...
Postevent analysis can provide some of the best information regarding public response and the effectiveness of the messages that were sent. • Emergency managers or public information officers may encounter difficulties when they experiment with using social media.
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