Allocating Federal Funds for State Programs for English Language Learners (2011) / Chapter Skim
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6 Comparability of Estimates of Immigrant School-Age Children
6 Comparability of Estimates of Immigrant School-Age Children
Pages 133-160
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From page 133... ...
As with the counts of eligible limited English proficiency (LEP) children and youth, the data on immigrant students can and have been derived from both the ACS and administratively reported state counts, and both data series have been used in the allocation formula.
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From page 134... ...
They play a critical role in the Census Bureau's annual population estimates program as the basis for the net international migration estimate. Owing to their importance, the objectivity and collectability of these questions has been the subject of several analyses over the years, culminating in a major 2006 Census Bureau ACS test of the new and modified item content (Harris et al., 2007)
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From page 135... ...
Based on the results of the content test, in 2008 the ACS added a question on year of naturalization. Unfortunately, it is not known how these issues with the precise timing of the date of entry affect the precision of the estimate of immigrant children and youth for purposes of Title III allocations.
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From page 136... ...
The ACS Estimates The 1-year and 3-year estimates of immigrant children and youth for 20052008 were derived from special tabulations provided by the Census Bureau: they are shown in Table 6-2. Along with the number of immigrant children and youth aged 3-21 years, the table shows the corresponding standard errors and coefficients of variation.
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From page 137... ...
TABLE 6-2 Number of Immigrant Children and Youth Aged 3-21, by State ACS 2005 ACS 2006 ACS 2007 ACS 2008 State Estimate SE CV Estimate SE CV Estimate SE CV Estimate SE CV Alabama 7,710 862 0.11 7,335 829 0.11 9,815 1,404 0.14 5,405 920 0.17 Alaska 965 431 0.45 1,765 487 0.28 2,555 728 0.28 1,095 433 0.40 Arizona 35,660 2,855 0.08 32,565 2,852 0.09 37,565 3,158 0.08 22,250 2,429 0.11 Arkansas 4,680 935 0.20 5,330 838 0.16 5,785 1,044 0.18 4,510 914 0.20 California 251,275 9,185 0.04 214,095 6,483 0.03 208,295 6,405 0.03 179,500 6,834 0.04 Colorado 16,835 1,897 0.11 13,405 1,539 0.11 13,560 1,558 0.11 12,780 1,417 0.11 Connecticut 10,670 1,395 0.13 11,275 1,573 0.14 11,095 1,550 0.14 10,165 1,073 0.11 Delaware 2,495 491 0.20 1,980 706 0.36 1,515 512 0.34 1,100 451 0.41 District of Columbia 1,285 454 0.35 4,065 810 0.20 1,445 456 0.32 1,635 362 0.22 Florida 93,535 4,263 0.05 88,770 4,553 0.05 83,245 3,785 0.05 69,790 5,551 0.08 Georgia 36,945 3,031 0.08 31,160 2,172 0.07 26,295 2,172 0.08 28,460 2,670 0.09 Hawaii 6,645 1,512 0.23 8,495 1,273 0.15 5,110 858 0.17 7,810 2,288 0.29 Idaho 5,010 1,343 0.27 3,550 837 0.24 4,130 679 0.16 4,425 732 0.17 Illinois 35,965 2,710 0.08 35,225 2,771 0.08 44,240 2,900 0.07 32,535 2,505 0.08 Indiana 11,985 1,368 0.11 11,160 1,436 0.13 10,665 1,015 0.10 9,160 1,172 0.13 Iowa 4,150 733 0.18 4,685 704 0.15 4,580 812 0.18 5,540 818 0.15 Kansas 6,035 913 0.15 7,030 1,236 0.18 6,815 940 0.14 6,330 988 0.16 Kentucky 5,275 961 0.18 5,600 679 0.12 6,355 1,202 0.19 5,710 961 0.17 Louisiana 3,185 602 0.19 4,980 798 0.16 5,940 1,113 0.19 4,910 910 0.19 Maine 995 497 0.50 1,715 469 0.27 1,075 393 0.37 1,520 436 0.29 Maryland 26,765 2,621 0.10 23,940 1,858 0.08 22,260 1,974 0.09 19,500 1,392 0.07 Massachusetts 23,935 1,876 0.08 21,920 1,855 0.08 24,380 2,174 0.09 26,290 2,327 0.09 Michigan 20,640 2,328 0.11 17,700 2,054 0.12 21,810 2,030 0.09 18,945 1,904 0.10 Minnesota 14,420 1,562 0.11 17,285 2,044 0.12 15,100 1,536 0.10 10,980 1,165 0.11 Mississippi 2,695 703 0.26 2,925 663 0.23 3,300 534 0.16 3,420 896 0.26 Missouri 7,315 1,244 0.17 7,370 1,123 0.15 8,090 1,062 0.13 8,940 1,031 0.12 137 continued
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From page 138... ...
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau Special Tabulations.
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From page 139... ...
139 COMPARABILITY OF ESTIMATES OF IMMIGRANT SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN TABLE 6-3 Average Number of Immigrant Children and Youth Aged 3-21, by State ACS 2005-2007 ACS 2006-2008 State Estimate SE CV Estimate SE CV Alabama 8,680 575 0.07 7,295 607 0.08 Alaska 2,080 483 0.23 1,800 303 0.17 Arizona 35,815 1,995 0.06 30,470 1,584 0.05 Arkansas 5,355 486 0.09 5,300 557 0.11 California 225,860 4,538 0.02 198,565 3,896 0.02 Colorado 14,790 942 0.06 13,305 787 0.06 Connecticut 11,480 938 0.08 11,040 794 0.07 Delaware 1,950 367 0.19 1,455 353 0.24 District of Columbia 2,360 312 0.13 2,165 260 0.12 Florida 89,035 2,463 0.03 80,605 2,367 0.03 Georgia 31,355 1,458 0.05 27,390 1,319 0.05 Hawaii 6,540 713 0.11 7,065 913 0.13 Idaho 4,715 793 0.17 4,195 527 0.13 Illinois 39,335 1,603 0.04 36,725 1,497 0.04 Indiana 11,545 733 0.06 9,980 605 0.06 Iowa 4,635 404 0.09 4,935 459 0.09 Kansas 6,740 547 0.08 6,340 623 0.10 Kentucky 6,370 584 0.09 5,785 505 0.09 Louisiana 4,820 674 0.14 5,230 578 0.11 Maine 1,345 293 0.22 1,650 353 0.21 Maryland 24,730 1,313 0.05 22,530 1,268 0.06 Massachusetts 24,605 1,118 0.05 24,085 1,312 0.05 Michigan 21,035 1,208 0.06 19,370 907 0.05 Minnesota 16,315 956 0.06 14,895 1,005 0.07 Mississippi 3,425 472 0.14 3,315 426 0.13 Missouri 8,280 696 0.08 8,230 678 0.08 Montana 1,060 190 0.18 1,305 228 0.17 Nebraska 4,075 477 0.12 3,785 422 0.11 Nevada 10,925 789 0.07 11,055 931 0.08 New Hampshire 1,995 281 0.14 1,860 319 0.17 New Jersey 36,740 1,357 0.04 36,920 1,386 0.04 New Mexico 6,105 588 0.10 5,265 557 0.11 New York 88,090 2,421 0.03 8,5340 2,635 0.03 North Carolina 25,720 1,382 0.05 23,915 1,160 0.05 North Dakota 1,455 270 0.19 1,300 200 0.15 Ohio 13,595 1,006 0.07 13,660 1,013 0.07 Oklahoma 7,345 622 0.08 6,920 687 0.10 Oregon 11,435 921 0.08 10,615 945 0.09 Pennsylvania 19,500 1,315 0.07 19,725 1,095 0.06 Rhode Island 3,920 564 0.14 3,350 483 0.14 South Carolina 9,950 810 0.08 7,910 713 0.09 South Dakota 1,155 300 0.26 540 135 0.25
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From page 140... ...
This ratio is computed by simply dividing the ACS estimate of immigrant children and youth enrolled in public school by the ACS estimate of all children and youth in public school: see Table 6-6. Tables 6-3 through 6-6 are based on special tabulations of ACS data provided by the U.S.
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From page 141... ...
Census Bureau Special Tabulations.
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From page 142... ...
Census Bureau Special Tabulations.
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From page 143... ...
Census Bureau Special Tabulations.
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From page 144... ...
. The estimates of immigrant children and youth are more sensitive to the restriction of enrolled status than the restric tion of enrolled in public school.
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From page 145... ...
This result supports use of the 3-year estimates on grounds of greater stability. STATE PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING IMMIGRANT STATUS Although the state estimates of the immigrant population start with a standard definition that has been promulgated by the DoEd, the states take different pathways to identifying and reporting this group.
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From page 146... ...
TABLE 6-8 Absolute Difference and Absolute Relative Difference in Ratio of Immigrant Children and Youth (in percentage) 146 ACS 2006 versus ACS 2007 versus ACS 2008 versus ACS 2006-2008 versus ACS 2005 ACS 2006 ACS 2007 ACS 2005-2007 Absolute Absolute Absolute Absolute Absolute Relative Absolute Relative Absolute Relative Absolute Relative State Difference Difference Difference Difference Difference Difference Difference Difference Alabama 0.03 2.72 0.09 6.39 0.09 7.20 0.01 0.68 Alaska 0.68 31.17 0.13 3.48 0.44 13.78 0.01 0.24 Arizona 0.16 2.70 0.07 1.20 0.66 14.51 0.29 5.23 Arkansas 0.07 3.58 0.10 4.70 0.50 36.38 0.10 5.33 California 0.35 5.40 0.01 0.15 0.17 3.22 0.19 3.13 Colorado 0.04 1.08 0.14 4.51 0.04 1.56 0.12 3.67 Connecticut 0.18 4.75 0.06 1.53 0.21 5.90 0.02 0.54 Delaware 0.23 6.01 0.44 12.93 0.13 5.67 0.10 3.41 District of Columbia 1.03 18.17 0.74 11.92 0.79 24.91 0.20 4.18 Florida 0.19 2.89 0.06 1.01 0.23 4.05 0.18 2.89 Georgia 0.23 7.18 0.09 3.36 0.16 6.08 0.06 2.10 Hawaii 0.43 3.68 1.58 17.05 0.78 10.20 0.09 0.93 Idaho 0.41 10.50 0.15 5.37 0.25 8.27 0.14 4.17 Illinois 0.10 3.27 0.21 6.64 0.22 7.04 0.06 1.84 Indiana 0.05 2.55 0.07 4.36 0.01 0.53 0.04 2.70 Iowa 0.04 2.69 0.02 1.16 0.12 7.14 0.06 3.75 Kansas 0.26 9.03 0.05 2.40 0.02 1.17 0.12 5.15 Kentucky 0.10 6.85 0.06 4.48 0.05 3.04 0.01 0.51 Louisiana 0.05 6.96 0.17 17.52 0.03 2.11 0.01 0.84 Maine 0.37 28.88 0.34 25.10 0.08 10.02 0.13 9.37 Maryland 0.36 5.66 0.04 0.68 0.18 3.60 0.14 2.53 Massachusetts 0.27 6.14 0.26 6.03 0.11 2.43 0.06 1.36 Michigan 0.05 2.13 0.10 4.16 0.05 1.94 0.01 0.55
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From page 147... ...
Minnesota 0.16 3.86 0.21 5.09 0.28 8.80 0.08 2.08 Mississippi 0.09 16.79 0.09 16.11 0.26 29.27 0.10 11.88 Missouri 0.00 0.16 0.07 4.89 0.09 6.16 0.00 0.09 Montana 0.39 30.57 0.31 21.02 0.00 0.06 0.11 6.72 Nebraska 0.31 15.14 0.19 8.25 0.17 7.62 0.04 1.60 Nevada 0.01 0.42 0.07 1.85 0.24 5.63 0.11 2.85 New Hampshire 0.24 13.82 0.37 24.97 0.01 0.89 0.08 6.03 New Jersey 0.05 0.92 0.05 0.95 0.31 5.58 0.13 2.58 New Mexico 0.56 13.75 0.57 14.22 0.53 29.50 0.16 5.11 New York 0.04 0.63 0.19 3.45 0.09 1.69 0.03 0.63 North Carolina 0.34 10.33 0.08 2.92 0.16 6.12 0.10 3.48 North Dakota 0.44 32.62 0.20 10.73 0.27 13.53 0.05 3.08 Ohio 0.14 9.54 0.02 1.49 0.08 6.55 0.04 2.93 Oklahoma 0.10 7.94 0.21 10.94 0.31 17.92 0.02 1.38 Oregon 0.02 0.58 0.18 6.58 0.03 1.12 0.11 3.79 Pennsylvania 0.02 1.32 0.16 7.59 0.19 9.26 0.02 0.87 Rhode Island 0.31 6.81 0.09 1.69 0.62 14.12 0.08 1.67 South Carolina 0.56 23.78 0.21 12.68 0.23 14.07 0.18 8.54 South Dakota 0.67 25.82 0.17 17.85 0.15 50.00 0.38 28.03 Tennessee 0.00 0.11 0.05 3.41 0.00 0.14 0.02 1.07 Texas 0.28 4.98 0.06 1.26 0.19 4.33 0.18 3.58 Utah 0.02 0.85 0.01 0.42 0.10 4.09 0.00 0.04 Vermont 0.58 38.31 0.39 20.49 0.14 10.23 0.09 6.84 Virginia 0.14 3.70 0.13 3.61 0.19 5.40 0.10 2.85 Washington 0.36 6.89 0.17 2.72 0.55 10.05 0.01 0.10 West Virginia 0.10 29.28 0.05 10.81 0.38 34.06 0.15 23.82 Wisconsin 0.03 1.38 0.22 13.85 0.04 3.16 0.06 4.08 Wyoming 0.54 32.24 0.49 27.46 0.07 10.25 0.04 2.93 147 NOTE: The percentages in boldface indicate large and significant changes relative to the previous year.
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From page 148... ...
assessment that, despite documented attempts to stan dardize the reporting of immigrant student counts in the states, the GAO reported that, "with regard to data states collect on the number of children and youth who are recent immigrants, state officials expressed a lack of confidence in these data" (U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2006b, p.
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From page 149... ...
It is understandable that local school districts would be reluctant to pry too deeply into immigration status in order to verify eligibility as a recent immigrant student. The Supreme Court has ruled that public schools are prohibited from denying immigrant students access to public education on the basis of their immigrant status (Plyler v.
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From page 150... ...
Not surprisingly, the very different sources and methods used in the two allowable sources result in very different estimates of the recent immigrant student population by state. One way to depict the differences is to compute the ratio of the state student immigration counts with the ACS estimates of recent immigrant students.
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From page 151... ...
151 COMPARABILITY OF ESTIMATES OF IMMIGRANT SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN TABLE 6-10 Comparison of State Student Immigrant Counts and American Community Survey Estimates of Recent Immigrant Students ACS 3-Year Average, State 2007-2008 Ratio of ACS Estimate State 2006-2008 Estimate School Year Count to State Count Alabama 7,295 4,142 1.761 Alaska 1,800 880 2.045 Arizona 30,470 15,503 1.965 Arkansas 5,300 4,187 1.266 California 198,565 241,024 0.824 Colorado 13,305 12,940 1.028 Connecticut 11,040 13,571 0.813 Delaware 1,455 1,164 1.250 District of Columbia 2,165 993 2.180 Florida 80,605 142,333 0.566 Georgia 27,390 33,891 0.808 Hawaii 7,065 3,032 2.330 Idaho 4,195 3,188 1.316 Illinois 36,725 43,274 0.849 Indiana 9,980 11,763 0.848 Iowa 4,935 4,122 1.197 Kansas 6,340 11,206 0.566 Kentucky 5,785 7426 0.779 Louisiana 5,230 2,583 2.025 Maine 1,650 431 3.828 Maryland 22,530 16,617 1.356 Massachusetts 24,085 20,458 1.177 Michigan 19,370 11,052 1.753 Minnesota 14,895 15,985 0.932 Mississippi 3,315 6,007 0.552 Missouri 8,230 442 18.620 Montana 1,305 170 7.676 Nebraska 3,785 3,609 1.049 Nevada 11,055 14,694 0.752 New Hampshire 1,860 1,769 1.051 New Jersey 36,920 36,614 1.008 New Mexico 5,265 11,606 0.454 New York 85,340 98,797 0.864 North Carolina 23,915 23,365 1.024 North Dakota 1,300 497 2.616 Ohio 13,660 11,309 1.208 Oklahoma 6,920 4,954 1.397 Oregon 10,615 2,397 4.428 Pennsylvania 19,725 11,387 1.732 Rhode Island 3,350 2,903 1.154 South Carolina 7,910 6,415 1.233 South Dakota 540 197 2.741 continued
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From page 152... ...
. NOTES: The vertical dashed lines represent 95 percent confidence intervals for ACS esti Figure 6-2 mates.
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From page 153... ...
. TABLE 6-11 Comparison of Volatility in ACS Estimates of Youth Aged 5-18 and Enrolled in Public School and State Counts of Recent Immigrants (in percentage)
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From page 154... ...
ACS Data and LEA Reports To better understand the relationship between ACS estimates and LEA-provided counts (through the states) of immigrant children, we performed an analysis of consistency between these measures across school districts within each state.
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From page 155... ...
TABLE 6-12 Rates of Immigrant Children by Eligible School District State Counts State Immigrant Student Rates School Number of Overall Mean 20th 80th ACS Overall Ratio of Unadjusted State Enrollment LEAs Rate of LEAs Percentile Percentile Rate ACS/State Correlation Alaska 77,679 4 1.0 0.5 0.0 1.3 1.0 0.97 0.16 Arizona 834,896 64 1.7 1.5 0.1 3.0 1.4 0.82 0.50 Arkansas 217,450 28 1.6 1.1 0.1 1.7 0.6 0.38 0.60 California 5,491,668 411 4.1 3.9 2.0 5.6 1.4 0.33 0.51 Colorado 640,769 33 1.9 2.1 0.3 3.0 0.8 0.42 0.42 Connecticut 378,744 56 3.2 2.5 1.1 3.7 1.2 0.38 0.75 Delaware 102,396 13 1.1 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.62 0.09 District of Columbia 57,877 1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.82 NA Florida 2,619,362 54 5.4 3.6 1.2 5.8 1.5 0.27 0.51 Georgia 1,412,950 91 2.3 1.2 0.3 1.8 0.7 0.32 0.66 Hawaii 179,897 1 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.36 NA Indiana 701,769 86 1.4 1.3 0.3 2.2 0.5 0.33 0.59 Iowa 210,815 27 1.3 1.0 0.1 1.9 0.6 0.46 0.39 Kansas 250,297 23 4.3 2.7 0.4 2.5 0.8 0.19 –0.05 Kentucky 371,406 38 1.9 0.8 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.30 0.45 Louisiana 566,824 43 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.58 0.40 Maine 26,010 6 1.5 1.4 0.0 3.3 1.8 1.18 0.92 Maryland 843,426 23 2.0 1.0 0.2 1.3 1.4 0.69 0.68 Massachusetts 590,965 97 3.2 2.4 0.2 4.2 1.4 0.45 0.64 Michigan 445,557 46 1.9 1.9 0.3 3.0 1.0 0.53 0.60 Mississippi 288,725 42 1.5 1.4 0.4 2.4 0.3 0.22 0.26 Missouri 94,131 9 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.8 1.74 –0.12 Montana 34,686 8 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.8 0.9 2.16 –0.63 Nebraska 169,074 15 1.7 1.4 0.4 2.5 0.8 0.47 0.27 155 continued
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From page 156... ...
TABLE 6-12 Continued 156 State Counts State Immigrant Student Rates School Number of Overall Mean 20th 80th ACS Overall Ratio of Unadjusted State Enrollment LEAs Rate of LEAs Percentile Percentile Rate ACS/State Correlation Nevada 419,488 8 3.5 1.8 0.8 2.8 1.1 0.30 0.59 North Carolina 1,373,592 89 1.7 1.2 0.5 1.8 0.7 0.42 0.57 North Dakota 41,118 5 1.2 1.2 0.1 2.6 0.8 0.69 0.27 Oklahoma 274,584 23 1.5 1.0 0.3 1.8 0.7 0.46 0.33 Oregon 421,039 43 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.7 1.45 0.48 Pennsylvania 794,662 101 1.3 0.9 0.2 1.4 0.8 0.63 0.34 Rhode Island 112,975 19 2.2 1.1 0.2 1.5 1.4 0.63 0.72 South Carolina 632,088 49 1.0 0.8 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.47 0.54 Tennessee 806,634 61 2.0 0.9 0.1 1.5 0.5 0.23 0.30 Texas 3,616,573 183 2.4 1.7 0.6 2.5 1.3 0.56 0.60 Virginia 1,075,882 66 2.7 1.6 0.1 1.7 0.9 0.34 0.76 Washington 639,676 60 2.1 1.7 0.5 3.3 1.4 0.70 0.69 West Virginia 212,029 26 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.40 0.13 Wisconsin 413,481 49 1.1 0.8 0.3 1.2 0.5 0.43 0.36 NOTE: See text for discussion.
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From page 157... ...
TABLE 6-13 Relationship at the School District Level Between ACS Estimates and State-Provided Estimates of the Rate of Immigrant Children Among Public School Enrollees, in Eligible Districts as Described in Text, for States with at Least 10 Eligible Districts Model with Intercept, State Data Rate No-Intercept Model Ratio of Intercept State Adjusted State Number Sigma Coefficient Coefficient Sigma Correlation Coefficient Sigma of LEAs Estimates Arizona 0.0071 0.1461 0.0035 0.6680 0.3562 0.0065 64 1.86 Arkansas 0.0028 0.1081 0.0004 0.9802 0.2268 0.0001 28 0.22 California 0.0033 0.1507 0.0036 0.7168 0.2217 0.0038 411 1.06 Colorado 0.0031 0.1506 0.0030 0.7115 0.2573 0.0032 33 1.05 Connecticut –0.0015 0.3513 0.0011 0.9862 0.3003 0.0010 56 0.91 Delaware 0.0034 0.0030 0.0000 0.3748 0.2115 0.0001 13 1.17 Florida 0.0023 0.1699 0.0039 0.8306 0.2076 0.0038 54 0.98 Georgia 0.0007 0.2040 0.0016 0.8647 0.2328 0.0016 91 0.97 Indiana 0.0019 0.1100 0.0008 0.8801 0.1969 0.0011 86 1.43 Iowa 0.0015 0.1848 0.0007 0.9543 0.2636 0.0006 27 0.75 Kansas 0.0058 –0.0015 0.0005 0.1722 0.0271 0.0047 23 8.73 Kentucky 0.0021 0.1749 0.0001 0.9993 0.2432 0.0001 38 1.08 Louisiana 0.0003 0.2898 0.0003 0.9591 0.3554 0.0001 43 0.52 Maryland 0.0015 0.4868 0.0031 0.8727 0.5511 0.0032 23 1.01 Massachusetts 0.0031 0.2607 0.0015 0.9825 0.3320 0.0001 97 0.09 Michigan 0.0028 0.2796 0.0025 0.9454 0.3704 0.0025 46 1.00 Mississippi 0.0023 0.0936 0.0001 0.9956 0.1955 0.0001 42 1.05 Nebraska 0.0000 0.3624 0.0003 0.9965 0.3657 0.0003 15 0.85 North Carolina –0.0003 0.2857 0.0013 0.9087 0.2686 0.0013 89 1.03 Oklahoma 0.0045 0.0144 0.0016 0.0836 0.2255 0.0028 23 1.76 Oregon 0.0023 0.8148 0.0015 0.9321 1.1533 0.0001 43 0.06 Pennsylvania 0.0041 0.0407 0.0020 0.1765 0.2971 0.0029 101 1.48 157 continued
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From page 158... ...
TABLE 6-13 Continued 158 Model with Intercept, State Data Rate No-Intercept Model Ratio of Intercept State Adjusted State Number Sigma Coefficient Coefficient Sigma Correlation Coefficient Sigma of LEAs Estimates Rhode Island 0.0016 0.4022 0.0002 0.9997 0.4494 0.0002 19 1.01 South Carolina 0.0023 0.1685 0.0015 0.5744 0.3782 0.0018 49 1.19 Tennessee 0.0020 0.0785 0.0012 0.6575 0.1358 0.0004 61 0.36 Texas 0.0019 0.3480 0.0031 0.8401 0.4218 0.0031 183 0.98 Virginia 0.0006 0.2743 0.0015 0.9836 0.2933 0.0014 66 0.94 Washington 0.0009 0.3521 0.0023 0.9128 0.3911 0.0027 60 1.15 West Virginia 0.0025 0.0736 0.0001 0.9938 0.2416 0.0001 26 1.12 Wisconsin 0.0024 0.0619 0.0012 0.4047 0.1859 0.0013 49 1.09
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From page 159... ...
We also tested the relationship at the school district level between ACS estimates and state-provided estimates of rate of immigrant children among public school enrollees. As shown in Table 6-13, the results are mixed, with some states showing a very good consistency between the ACS and state-provided numbers for immi grants, and other states showing a very weak relationship between the series.
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