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10 Creatine
Pages 130-139

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From page 130...
... As the brain requires significant ATP turnover to maintain membrane potentials and signaling capacity, creatine metabolism and the creatine kinase/ phosphocreatine system are important for normal brain function, and may be compromised 130
From page 131...
... that rats fed a diet containing one percent creatine for four weeks displayed significantly higher mitochondrial membrane potentials and maintained levels of ATP better than nonsupplemented rats following controlled cortical contusion. Other indications of improved mitochondrial function in creatine-treated rats included decreased levels of reactive oxidative intermediaries and intramitochondrial calcium.
From page 132...
... concluded that chronic intake of 5 g/ day of creatine was safe and posed no significant health risks. EVIDENCE INDICATING EFFECT ON RESILIENCE Human Studies As with other nutrients or food components, the committee found no human studies testing the potential benefits of creatine in TBI or other related diseases or conditions included in the reviewed of the literature (subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial aneurysm, stroke, anoxic or hypoxic ischemia, epilepsy)
From page 133...
... . for 6 months na=39 TBI or nothing; patients ages No side effects due to creatine administration were follow-up at 1–18 years, observed.
From page 134...
... level: In the ipsilateral cortex, at 30 minutes, TBI rats had higher FFA levels than sham-injured rats (p < 0.05) and creatine-fed rats had lower levels of all FFAs than regular diet rats (p < 0.05)
From page 135...
... Similarly, rats fed a standard rodent diet supplemented with 1 percent creatine for four weeks before the induction of TBI demonstrated 50 percent less cortical damage than nonsupplemented rats. Further evidence of the potentially neuroprotective effects of creatine comes from a study
From page 136...
... reported that mice fed diets containing 1 or 2 percent creatine for three weeks preceding middle cerebral artery occlusion, a model of ischemia, suffered significantly less brain damage than mice not given creatine. In this study, however, the neuroprotective effects of creatine were not observed when a large dose of creatine was given immediately following the onset of ischemia, or when a smaller dose was fed for 12 months.
From page 137...
... Animal Studies Creatine supplementation also can reduce a number of detrimental consequences of cerebral ischemia. Following middle cerebral artery occlusion, mice fed a diet supplemented with two percent creatine for one month displayed significantly better neurologic function and significantly less brain damage than controls not receiving creatine.
From page 138...
... To overcome these challenges, the committee recommends in Chapter 5 that a study be conducted on preinjury and postinjury dietary intake status (e.g., dietary supplement use) in individuals with TBI in order to determine any relationship to TBI outcome, including an analysis of the possible synergistic effects between nutrients, food components, and dietary supplements.
From page 139...
... 2006. Prevention of complications related to traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents with creatine administration: An open label randomized pilot study.


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