Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury Improving Acute and Subacute Health Outcomes in Military Personnel (2011) / Chapter Skim
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14 Polyphenols
14 Polyphenols
Pages 205-226
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From page 205... ...
A list of human studies evaluating the effectiveness of these compounds in providing resilience or treating TBI or related diseases or conditions (i.e., subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial aneurysm, stroke, anoxic or hypoxic ischemia, epilepsy) in the acute phase is presented in Tables 14-1 (flavonoids)
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From page 206... ...
The authors observed nonsignificant inverse associations of the consumption of broccoli, apples, and tea with important vascular events. It is, however, noteworthy that estimation of total flavonoid intake in this study was based on an obsolete food composition table, which included only two flavonoid subclasses (flavonols and flavones)
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From page 207... ...
. There was no significant effect on nitroglycerin-mediated dilatation, blood pressure, heart rate, serum levels of fasting glucose and insulin, hemoglobin A1c, or oxidative stress.
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From page 208... ...
Tier 2: Observational studies Hollman Stroke Meta- Flavonol intake Compared to subjects with the lowest amount et al., analysis of 7 of flavonoid consumption, those with the 2010 prospective highest consumption had a significantly cohort studies reduced risk of fatal or non-fatal stroke with data from (pooled RR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.65–0.98, individuals p=0.05)
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From page 209... ...
total flavonoids intake and intake of other subclasses had no significant effect on risk of n=1,950 ischemic stroke. Finnish men aged 42–60 Although there was a nonsignificant inverse years, free of association between flavones and risk of CVD prior coronary mortality, total flavonoid intake and intake heart disease or of other subclasses had no effect on CVD stroke mortality.
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From page 210... ...
No adverse effects of flavonoid intake were mentioned. Sesso CVD, coronary Prospective Tea Consumption of tea had no significant et al., heart disease, study (College consumption -- association with risk of CVD, coronary heart 2003b and stroke Alumni Health specifically disease, stroke, or CVD death.
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From page 211... ...
Arts Ischemic heart Prospective Examine tea There was significant inverse relationship et al., disease and cohort study consumption -- between catechin intake and risk of ischemic 2001 stroke (Zutphen specifically heart disease mortality (RR=0.49, 95% CI: Elderly Study) catechin intake 0.27–0.88, p=0.17; RR adjusted for age, MI and the risk of and angina pectoris at baseline, CVD risk n=806 men cardiovascular factors, and dietary patterns)
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From page 212... ...
, which has a nonsignificant inverse association on stroke incidence. No adverse effects were mentioned.
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From page 213... ...
. But curcumin supplementation restored the COX-II level to 96% of sham-injured rats (p < 0.01 vs.
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From page 214... ...
, 30 minutes prior to injury, then 30 and 90 minutes after injury Wu et al., TBI, mild fluid Male, Sprague- Preinjury, Rats on diets without curcumin had 2006 percussion Dawley rats regular diet, significantly higher level of oxidized proteins compared to sham-injured rats (p < 0.01) , injury model regular diet with curcumin but rats on diets with curcumin had lower (500ppm)
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From page 215... ...
However, due to the great variations in exposure and outcome assessments across studies, results based on this review should be interpreted with caution. Evidence Indicating Effects on Treatment Human Studies The committee found no clinical trials that tested the potential benefits of flavonoids in TBI, but did find evidence for other diseases or conditions included in the review of the literature (subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial aneurysm, stroke, anoxic or hypoxic ischemia, epilepsy)
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From page 216... ...
, so investigators should ensure that they use a form of curcumin that is physiologically stable and absorbable by humans. Evidence Indicating Effect on Resilience Human Studies There have been no human trials or observational studies conducted to study curcumin's potential to impart resilience against TBI.
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From page 217... ...
Likewise, there have been no human studies conducted to assess the effect of curcumin on subarachnoid or intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial aneurysm, ischemia, stroke, or epilepsy. Animal Studies Various animal studies conducted to test outcomes that are mechanistically similar to the pathology of TBI have shown that curcumin holds promise to lessen the effects of TBI.
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From page 218... ...
Evidence Indicating Effect on Resilience Human Studies There have been no human trials or observational studies conducted to study resveratrol's potential to impart resilience against TBI. Likewise, there are no human studies to assess the effect of resveratrol on subarachnoid or intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial aneurysm, ischemia, stroke, or epilepsy.
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From page 219... ...
But injured rats treated with adult albino resveratrol showed reduced levels of MDA (p < or no treatment male Wistar 0.05)
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From page 220... ...
The outcomes evaluated include cerebral blood flow, infarct volume, indicators of oxidative stress and inflammation, apoptotic cell death, and mitochondrial function. Studies have looked at the effects of intake of resveratrol as early as 21 days before the injury (Sinha et al., 2002)
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From page 221... ...
Likewise, there have been no human studies conducted to assess the effect of resveratrol on subarachnoid or intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial aneurysm, ischemia, stroke, or epilepsy. Animal Studies One of the earliest investigations of the effect of resveratrol in brain injury used a model of ischemic injury in Mongolian gerbils that were given resveratrol immediately after injury and again 24 hours after injury (Wang et al., 2002)
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From page 222... ...
RECOMMENDATION 14-1. Based on positive outcomes with curcumin and resvera trol in small-animal models of TBI, DoD should consider conducting human trials.
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From page 223... ...
2006. Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on cerebral ischemia-induced neuron loss mediated by free radical scavenging and cere bral blood flow elevation.
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From page 224... ...
2007. Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol against traumatic brain injury in immature rats.
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From page 225... ...
2006. Dietary curcumin counteracts the outcome of traumatic brain injury on oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, and cognition.
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