Skip to main content

Currently Skimming:

Appendix D: Glossary
Pages 413-420

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 413...
... Describes the biochemical events leading to characteristic morphological cell changes (blebbing, loss of cell membrane asymmetry and attachment, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal deoxynribonucleic acid fragmentation) and death.
From page 414...
... Barthel Index First published in the 1965 Maryland State Medical Journal, this mea surement of 10 activities of daily living and mobility is used to assess physical disability. Blood-brain A separation of circulating blood and the brain extracellular fluid barrier in the central nervous system, with especially tight junctions around capillaries that prevent diffusion of bacteria and large, hydrophilic molecules into the cerebrospinal fluid.
From page 415...
... The loss of connections among neurons leads to breakdown of communication. Diffuse A brain injury due to hypoxia, meningitis, or damage to blood vessels; traumatic brain can include DAI, ischemic brain injury, vascular injury, or swelling and injury resulting intracranial pressure.
From page 416...
... This allows for the uncontrolled transfer of ions and proteins from the intravascular to the extravascular brain com partments, leading to water accumulation. Estimated The average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requireAverage ment of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and Requirement gender group.
From page 417...
... The absence of oxygen and nutrients from blood creates injury a condition in which the restoration of circulation results in inflamma tion and oxidative damage through the induction of oxidative stress rather than restoration of normal function. Ischemic stroke Ischemia can be caused by embolic and thrombotic strokes.
From page 418...
... Biological models suggest that a fundamental mechanism underpinning posttraumatic stress disorder involves an exaggerated response of the amygdala, which results in impaired regulation by the medial prefrontal cortex. Modified Rankin First published in 1988, this measures activities of daily living to assess Scale physical disability in stroke patients and is now the most commonly used clinical outcome measure for stroke clinical trials.
From page 419...
... Syndrome of A common fluid and hormonal imbalance occurring as a result of inadequate disruption to the pituitary, thyroid, or other glands. secretion of antidiuretic hormone and hypothyroidism Tolerable Upper The highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose Intake Level no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the genera (UL)
From page 420...
... It can result in diffuse injury to the cerebral hemispheres without damage to the lower brain and brainstem. Ventriculostomy Procedure to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to reduce intracranial pressure (mannitol and barbiturates are pharmaceutical alternatives)


This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.