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Appendix B: Plenary Abstracts
Pages 61-70

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From page 61...
... These abrupt changes display a marked hemispheric asymmetry, with large changes in the Arctic of up to 10 degrees C but almost no change in the Antarctic. The Antarctic records, by contrast, are characterized by gradual change of no more than 2 degrees C per thousand years.
From page 62...
... Recent Arctic warming has reversed cooling of 2000+ years duration that was orbitally driven. Several aspects of the altered climate regime are in the process of causing apparently insurmountable challenges to the survival of much of dominant vegetation where it occurs today, while simultaneously creating suitable climatic conditions where some of these species are largely absent today.
From page 63...
... . Given these seasonal asymmetric sea ice changes, we explore how solar ocean warming in spring-summer may be delaying autumn sea ice advance and/or thinning winter sea ice and/ or pointing to additional ocean heat sources.
From page 64...
... Most critical to marine life is that the ice season duration in these two regions has diverged dramatically (Stammerjohn et al., 2008) , with significantly shorter ice seasons in the WAP, Bellingshausen, and Amundsen Sea regions.
From page 65...
... . Sea surface temperature and salinity, cloud cover, and wind-driven mixing all contribute to stratification and the availability of light and nutrients in the surface layer, impacting phytoplankton and associated ecosystems.
From page 66...
... . Although we can confidently say that marine ecosystems respond to climate drivers, it often seems as though we have very little confidence in our ability to predict future polar marine ecosystems under climate change.
From page 67...
... 2006. Rapid seasonal sea-ice retreat in the Arctic could be affecting Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)
From page 68...
... 2009. Recent changes in phytoplankton communities associated with rapid regional climate changes along the Western Antarctic Peninsula.
From page 69...
... 1988. Phytoplankton stand ing crops within an Antarctic ice edge assessed by satellite remote sensing Journal of Geophysical Research 93:12,487-12,498.


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