Preventing Violence Against Women and Children Workshop Summary (2011) / Chapter Skim
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2 The Co-Occurrence of Child Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence
2 The Co-Occurrence of Child Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence
Pages 9-19
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From page 9... ...
. An earlier study found that approximately 35 percent of children in the United States between the ages of 14 and 17 have been exposed to intimate partner violence and that 40 percent of all child abuse victims report violence in the home between their parents (Finkelhor et al., 2009)
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From page 10... ...
Claire Crooks, from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, noted in her presentation that it is common practice to exclude from studies children who are exposed to more than one type of violence, as this polyvictimization is seen as a confounder. This presents an additional problem when women who are experiencing intimate partner violence are also perpetrating child maltreatment against their children.
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From page 11... ...
A number of speakers also referred to the cycle of violence in describing the implications of early exposure to violence, either directly or indirectly, throughout an individual's life. These effects include intergenerational transmission, in which individuals who experienced violence as children subject their own children to violence either through direct means, such as maltreatment, or through indirect means, such as exposure to intimate partner violence.
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From page 12... ...
Children create models concerning effective strategies for various situations, and when they see that somebody's needs can be met in the family through abuse and violence, they are more likely to adopt similar strategies
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From page 13... ...
COMMON RISK FACTORS FOR CHILD MALTREATMENT AND INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE Many workshop presenters noted that child maltreatment and intimate partner violence share a number of common risk factors. These comments
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From page 14... ...
that have been identified for intimate partner and sexual violence." Two key types of risk factors emerged during discussions: social determinants and individual factors. The WHO's Commission on Social Determinants of Health describes social determinants as "the structural determinants and conditions of daily life" (Marmot et al., 2008)
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From page 15... ...
Dr. Barker noted that data from the IMAGES study show that men's reports of feeling stressed or depressed because of a perceived lack of sufficient income or work are more strongly associated with the men engaging in intimate partner violence than were their reports of actual household income or monthly income.
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From page 16... ...
Some of the programs described at the workshop can be characterized as having been developed originally with a focus on preventing violence against children but eventually having incorporated elements that address violence against women, or vice versa. A number of the programs that were discussed also focused on common risk factors that are known to contribute to violence against both women and children.
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From page 17... ...
In particular, there is a focus on parental resilience, social connections, and having access to intensive services that a family might need when it is experiencing a crisis related to intimate partner violence, substance abuse, or untreated mental illness. Parenting Program to Promote Couples' Communication Skills Agnes Tiwari from the University of Hong Kong described a program that was initially designed to address both intimate partner violence and child maltreatment, although plans are under way for a cluster randomized controlled trial that will evaluate the efficacy of the program in improving couple relationship quality, enhancing parental sense of competence, and reducing postnatal depressive symptoms.
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From page 18... ...
In particular, a greater understanding of the intergenerational transmission of violence could be beneficial in furthering the work in preventing both these types of violence. As research becomes more plentiful and shows a high correlation of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence, as well as a number of common risk factors, emerging evidence suggests that implementing programs that address both simultaneously could yield greater results.
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From page 19... ...
2010. The overlap of witnessing partner violence with child maltreatment and other victimizations in a nationally representative survey of youth.
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