A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases (2011) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
2 Cardiovascular Disease
2 Cardiovascular Disease
Pages 19-32
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 19... ...
, stroke, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. Other forms of CVD are atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, congenital cardiovascular disorders, rheumatic heart disease, peripheral artery disease, and other conditions affecting the circulatory system, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
|
From page 20... ...
They develop the disease earlier in life, have much higher average blood pressures than whites do, and as a result have greater rates of nonfatal and fatal stroke, heart disease deaths, and end-stage kidney disease. The prevalence of hypertension increased among blacks and whites in the United States between 1999 and 2002, rising from 35.8 to 41.4 percent among blacks and from 24.3 to 28.1 percent among whites (Roger et al., 2010)
|
From page 21... ...
. TABLE 2-2 2007 Coronary Heart Disease Death Rates per 100,000 People by Gender and Race/Ethnicity American Indian/ Asian/Pacific White Black Hispanic/Latino Alaskan Native Islander Men 165.6 191.6 122.3 112.2 91.7 Women 94.2 121.5 77.8 65.6 55.0 SOURCE: Adapted from Roger et al.
|
From page 22... ...
Heart failure commonly occurs as an end result of other cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and long-standing hypertension, and is noted on one of every nine death certificates. The overall death rate for heart failure was 85.4 per 100,000 in 2007.
|
From page 23... ...
was achieved by only two states. Elevated total blood cholesterol increases the risk of coronary heart disease, particularly in the presence of other risk factors such as high blood pressure and smoking.
|
From page 24... ...
reported that approximately half the decline in deaths from coronary heart disease among U.S. adults from 1980 through 2000 may be attributed to reductions in major risk factors, and half of the decline was attributed to evidence-based medical therapies.
|
From page 25... ...
WHO has established similar priorities to reduce the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of cardiovascular disease. The aim is to effectively reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors and their determinants; develop cost-effective and equitable healthcare innovations for cardiovascular disease management; and monitor trends of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors.
|
From page 26... ...
The NHBPEP works to achieve the Healthy People 2010 objectives for heart disease and stroke prevention by developing and disseminating educational materials and programs, and fostering partnerships among program participants. The NHBPEP is also responsible for the publication of the Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, which provides guidelines and recommendations for clinicians and community organizations.
|
From page 27... ...
was established by NHLBI in 1985 to reduce the percentage of Americans with high blood cholesterol and resulting coronary heart disease. The program educates health professionals and the public about the risks of coronary heart disease associated with high blood cholesterol.
|
From page 28... ...
. Coronary Heart Disease Particularly striking changes have taken place in the medical management of patients experiencing acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
|
From page 29... ...
Chobanian and colleagues note that a reduced sodium diet such as DASH is as effective as single drug therapy in controlling hypertension, and that two or more lifestyle modifications can yield even greater benefits. Drugs that have been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure include ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and thiazide-type diuretics.
|
From page 30... ...
Data gaps also exist in a number of areas: for example, timely and actionable local data are seldom available; data connecting use and cost patterns are hard to access; and data on emerging risk factors, conditions (e.g., atrial fibrillation, heart failure) , and uptake of preventive and clinical services are rudimentary.
|
From page 31... ...
2008. Incidence and risk factors for stroke in American Indians: The Strong Heart Study.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.