Fungal Diseases An Emerging Threat to Human, Animal, and Plant Health: Workshop Summary (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: Glossary
Appendix D: Glossary
Pages 413-426
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Ascomycete: Any of various fungi belonging to the phylum Ascomycota, characterized by the presence of sexually produced spores formed within an ascus.
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Biofuel: Fuel produced from renewable resources, especially plant biomass, vegetable oils, and treated municipal and industrial wastes. Biological invasion: The process by which species (or genetically distinct populations)
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Climate change: A change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity and alters the composition of the global atmosphere; this happens in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time. Colonize: The spreading of a species into a new habitat.
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that live within root nodules -- rhizobia cannot independently fix nitrogen, but need the plant as an energy source; in turn, rhizobia supply the plant host with ammonia and amino acids)
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The plasmid is frequently engineered to contain regula tory sequences that act as enhancer and promoter regions and lead to efficient transcription of the gene carried on the expression vector. Extreme weather: Refers to weather phenomena that are at the extremes of the historical distribution and are rare for a particular place and/or time, especially
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A household is considered food secure when its occupants do not live in hunger or fear of starvation. Fungi/fungal/fungus: For the purposes of this publication, the terms fungi, fun gal, and fungus are used inclusively to describe all organisms traditionally studied by mycologists -- including species that are now excluded from Kingdom Fungi (e.g., Phytophthora ramorum and Phytophthora infestans)
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Internal transcribed spacer sequences: Internal transcribed spacer sequences are sections of non-functional RNA that are highly variable, even between closely related species, and are widely used for taxonomy purposes.
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The IHR, which entered into force on June 15, 2007, requires countries to report certain disease outbreaks and public health events to WHO. Building on the unique experience of WHO in global disease surveillance, alert, and response, the IHR define the rights and obligations of countries to report public health events, and establish a number of procedures that WHO must follow in its work to uphold global public health security.
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Necropsy: An autopsy performed on an animal. Neutrophil: Most common blood leukocyte; a short-lived phagocytic cell of the myeloid series, which is responsible for the primary cellular response to an acute inflammatory episode, and for general tissue homeostasis by removal of damaged material.
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. Like fungi, oomy cetes "exhibit filamentous growth, produce sexual and asexual spores, and can feed on decaying matter or be obligate parasites of plants." Opportunistic: Resulting from pathogen entry via wounds or weakened state of the host, or as a disturbance of a normally benign host–fungus relationship.
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in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies, on which it depends primarily for survival, and in which it reproduces itself in such manner that it can be transmitted to a susceptible vector or host. Saprophytic: Deriving nutrients from dead organic matter.
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, for months and even years. Surveillance: The continual scrutiny of all aspects of occurrence and spread of a disease that are pertinent to effective control, involves the systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data.
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Zoonotic infection: Infection that causes disease in human populations but that can be perpetuated solely in non-human host animals (e.g., bubonic plague) ; may be enzootic or epizootic.
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Key Terms
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