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Sustainability and the U.S. EPA (2011) / Chapter Skim
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5 How Risk Assessment and Risk Management Relate to the Sustainability Framework
Pages 79-92

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From page 79...
... Building on work done in the United States and around the world, the four-step risk assessment paradigm was described as hazard identification, doseresponse assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Risk management decisions were fully acknowledged to be based not only on risk assessment but also on economic, legal, and other policy-based evaluations.
From page 80...
... 80 FIGURE 5-1 Elements of risk assessment and risk management in the Red Book.
From page 81...
... . EPA had already promulgated National Ambi ent Air Quality Standards for major air pollutants under the Clean Air Act based on non-cancer health effects.
From page 82...
... EVOLUTION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT PARADIGM Risk assessment has been used by the agency as the main means for translating various types of biologic information about health effects of chemicals into measures of harmfulness to people. The growing understanding from biomedical
From page 83...
... Finally, the great number of chemicals of potential concern is always increasing. The vast array of chemicals that are potential environmental contaminants include synthetic chemistry products, industrial chemicals, off releases from consumer products, combustion by-products, and environmental transformation by-products following chemical release -- an array too vast to ad dress by the chemical-by-chemical approach of toxicity testing in animals of each health effect of concern and then predicting human risk (NRC 2006)
From page 84...
... The risk assessment and risk management paradigm forms the basis for risk-based decision making within EPA programs, such as the legacy cleanup programs Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
From page 85...
... FIGURE 5-2 Framework for risk-based decision making. 85 SOURCE: NRC 2009 Figure 5-2 R01984 Sustainability in EPA, Green Book bitmapped scaled for landscape
From page 86...
... In this situation, the risk management decision may involve an assessment of the technical feasibility of achieving a given goal. In comparing alternative risk management options in the legacy cleanup programs, numerous factors can be considered under the EPA National Contingency Plan.
From page 87...
... Accordingly, the committee reaffirms the value of risk assessment, finds it to be a useful tool for sustainability, and encourages the further development of risk assessment tools, such as to address cumulative risks, to improve its usefulness. The committee notes that the term "risk management" is used in two ways: as a formal description of EPA's policies related to control of environmental risks and as an informal term denoting any EPA approach to management of current or potential threats.
From page 88...
... ; program risk state, and local agencies managers; limited collaboration with external agencies Stakeholders Beyond scientific peer review Generally more inclusive and involved? and formal public notice and broader due to the questions comment requirements, depends on program Nature of stakeholder Often part of routine public Discussion at many different levels; involvement?
From page 89...
... are analogous with the committee's proposed Sustainability Assessment and Management approach. However, differences in their overall goals how greater complexity in the Sustainability Framework components of scoping, analysis, deliberation, and decision making.
From page 90...
... EPA (1983) Red Book, is an important component and tool used to inform deci sions in the Sustainability Assessment and Management approach (p.86-89)
From page 91...
... 91 HOW RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT RELATE Welshons, W.V., K.A. Thayer, B.M.


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