Grand Challenges in Earthquake Engineering Research A Community Workshop Report (2011) / Chapter Skim
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2 Grand Challenges in Earthquake Engineering Research
2 Grand Challenges in Earthquake Engineering Research
Pages 11-20
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From page 11... ...
These Grand Challenges are: tivating action could include developing incentives to promote community development and pre-event 1. Community Resilience Framework: A common planning; simulation-based decision-making strate theme noted by workshop participants was that the gies for use in community development, pre-event earthquake engineering community currently lacks planning, early response post event, and through the an interactive and comprehensive framework for long-term recovery process; state-of-the-art decision measuring, monitoring, and evaluating community making tools that will lead to more efficient resource resilience.
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From page 12... ...
Mitigation: A large earthquake or tsunami in a highly and exploiting new emerging materials and innova populated region of the United States would cause tive structural concepts and integrating them within massive damage to the built environment and com- design tools could dramatically improve the per munities in the region, and the resulting social and formance of all types of infrastructure and increase economic consequences would cascade across the earthquake resilience in ways that are also sustain country, particularly if major energy, transportation, able. There is a wide range of sustainable highly or supply hubs are affected.
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From page 13... ...
For ex ample, existing research programs in earthquake engineering mainly focus on the performance of individual components COMMUNITY RESILIENCE FRAMEWORK or systems (e.g., buildings and specific lifeline systems) , whereas understanding the performance of a community Description of the Problem requires an understanding of the interactions among all of Participants noted that although research has yielded these components.
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From page 14... ...
Participants noted that the impact of a more holistic • Developing simulation-based decision-making stratframework for measuring, monitoring, and evaluating com egies for use in community development, pre-event munity resilience could be enormous. Better models and data planning, early post-event response, and through the for understanding community resilience could facilitate more long-term recovery process.
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From page 15... ...
tions could be enhanced by the development of an integrated system that identifies events, creates and monitors real-time data, updates models, incorporates crowd sourcing technoloTransformative Approaches to the Solution gies, and informs decision makers. Real-time assessment of Many participants expressed a need for more funda- damage to buildings and infrastructure could help in defining mental research on decision making under conditions of effective recovery strategies that emphasize the rebuilding uncertainty, and decision making for low-probability/high- of community sectors that promote rapid economic as well consequence events, along with basic research and research as social development.
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From page 16... ...
infrastructure systems are interdependent, both in operation and failure, could provide a wealth of new knowledge on how complex, regionally distributed infrastructure systems are Transformative Approaches to the Solution vulnerable to regionally destructive events such as tsunamis. Several participants noted that to effectively address the Beyond earthquake engineering, fundamental science aimed Grand Challenge, wide gaps of scientific and engineering toward linking heterogeneous simulation tools that incorknowledge will need to be bridged to create transformative porate physical models with the simulation of community solutions.
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From page 17... ...
Therefore, incorporate new developments in sustainable matethis Grand Challenge includes developing strategies for rials and technologies. identifying and prioritizing the sectors of the national built environment that are most vulnerable to catastrophic losses Transformative Approaches to the Solution from earthquakes and tsunamis, in addition to developing approaches for renewal and retrofit of these sectors to ensure Participants suggested that the most effective strategies a safer environment and a more resilient community.
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From page 18... ...
A more developed PBEE could take into account multiple hazards -- such as fire, tsunami, and aftershocks -- and consequence DESIGN TOOLS functions that consider the wider societal impact of damage, including business interruptions and Description of the Problem downtime. This Grand Challenge involves developing and exploit- • Reliable fragility data for the full range of infrastrucing new materials and innovative structural concepts and ture types, including bridges, lifelines, and critical integrating them within design tools to improve the perfor- structures requiring physical testing of components mance of all types of infrastructure and to increase earth- and complete systems (some participants stated that quake resilience in a sustainable manner.
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From page 19... ...
stronger and lighter than standard construction materials Benchmarking could ensure reliable development of PBEE, while being appreciably more sustainable. New materials along with better analysis techniques and statistical methods also offer opportunities to design economical retrofitting for characterization of uncertainties.
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