Grand Challenges in Earthquake Engineering Research A Community Workshop Report (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Breakout Session Presentations
Appendix A: Breakout Session Presentations
Pages 29-42
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From page 29... ...
COMMUNITY RESILIENCE (CR) Moderator: Kathleen Tierney Rapporteurs: Ron Eguchi, Laurie Johnson Participants: Mehmet Celebi, Jon Heintz, Laurie Johnson, Kincho Law, Peter May, and James Myers Grand Challenge Problem: Framework for Measuring, Monitoring, and Evaluating Community Resilience (1CR)
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From page 30... ...
Develop simulation models that link the performance of buildings and lifelines to communities. o Develop data-intensive methods for using public and social network information and online network activity of all sorts to determine and develop resiliency metrics.
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• Description of Problem o Develop an accurate, distributed, comprehensive national built environment inventory and socioeconomic database to enable dynamic forecasting of existing and future inventory • Characteristics of Grand Challenge o Inventory components ® Properties of the earth (as part of our inventory!
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challenges and opportunities: distributed, collaborative, confederated, stochastic o Outcome should incorporate community, social, economic outcomes o Harness simulation scenarios of other disciplines (e.g., climate change, weather modeling, etc.) • Transformative Approaches to Solution o Multi-disciplinary strategies are vital: from nano to global, physicists to public policy/social scientists o Simulations driven by economic growth modeling, not just hazard mitigation or loss or recovery modeling • Impact of Solution to Grand Challenge o Provides new knowledge on complex system interactions o Facilitates understandings at scales at which conducting experiments is unlikely • Projects Addressing the Grand Challenge o Assess and quantify first principle models for all identified critical simulations; verify against finer scale simulations: rupture-to-rafters; subsidence; collapse simulation o Validate against larger scale and/or case histories, particularly for systems-level analyses, whereby the simulation drives the project, with the test validating the simulation o Develop a systems approach to link heterogeneous simulation components Grand Challenge Problem: Integrated Seismic Decision Support (5PR)
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o Incorporate end users in tool development to ensure effective solutions • Impact of Solution to Grand Challenge o Comprehensive support engines for decision makers o Potential significant savings of [lives and] losses o Transformative potential for training and education of professionals o Direct dissemination of research into practice • Projects Addressing the Grand Challenge o Develop decision support tools across different timescales, which enables different levels of pre-event decision sup port and planning o Carefully designed experiments with real users to understand human interaction with this type of system, thus feed ing results into the support system o Develop an integrated early warning system, based on distributed sensors, distributed datasets, distributed personnel, distributed dissemination with appropriate community response Grand Challenge Problem: Risk Assessment and Mitigation of Vulnerable Infrastructure (6PR)
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From page 34... ...
o Field testing: large-capacity broadband dynamic seismic wave sources coupled with improved sensing capabilities o Sensor networks and ubiquitous sensing: transportation, lifelines; autonomous, self-organizing; sensor development: lasers, imaging, satellites, wireless, self-locating, self-placing? These allow enhanced throughput that will greatly enhance effectiveness of facilities o Underground sensing of the infrastructure in heterogeneous media o Rapid mobilization for seismic monitoring of structures and geo-facilities after major events -- use robotics for fast deployment o Materials science facilities • Facility Requirements for Protecting Coastal Communities o Broad description of experimental or cyberinfrastructure facility ® Tsunami wave basin with increased width and length, enhanced absorption boundary conditions, and capability to incorporate ground shaking o How will the facility contribute to Grand Challenge solutions ® Fundamental to understand large-scale coupling between soil-structure and fluid interaction (e.g., liquefaction, foundation weakening, scouring, structural failure)
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From page 35... ...
® Development of technology to collect the data -- remote sensing techniques ® Including current and possible future development of buildings, lifelines, socioeconomic and community resources ® Inventory and condition data o Developing models for interdependencies ® Developing appropriate network models ® Developing models for fire following ® Developing methods to identify and design for cascading engineering failures (e.g., transportation networks) potential for interlinked failures ® Models for permanent soil deformation (including for liquefaction, landslides)
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From page 36... ...
Leveraging the efforts towards sustainability for earthquake resilience • Characteristics of Grand Challenge o Assessments of environmental (carbon footprint) impact of repair/retrofit/new construction o Repair methods and how to design for repairability • Transformative Approaches to Solution o Highly resilient, new materials o Earthquake energy capture o Design of cheaper retrofitting systems that are also appropriate for global communities o The "perfect" protective system o Development of new innovative resilient buildings systems o Development of performance metrics to quantify resilience and sustainability in a holistic manner.
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From page 37... ...
-- No Consensus • Characteristics of Grand Challenge o Complex, multi-disciplinary, and constraints are huge against achieving o The PBEE framework exists but much more data are needed to implement it o Current process is too complicated, not practical, and not economically viable • Transformative Approaches to Solution o Significantly more benchmarking is needed for PBEE o Need for reliable fragility data including bridges, nuclear reactors • Impact of Solution to Grand Challenge o Engineering community acceptance and implementation o Transform the way infrastructure is designed • Projects Addressing the Grand Challenge o Removing roadblocks to acceptance o Better characterization of uncertainties o Developing better analysis/statistical methods o Definitions of acceptable levels of damage -- all stakeholders o Fragilities including lifelines ® Experimental program o Holistic assessment of fragility ® Participation of non-structural elements, SSI, built environment o Consequence functions (links to resilient communities) ® Business interruptions, downtime o Sensitivity analysis o Optimization o Extension of PPEE to improving risk assessment o Seismic hazard improved probabilistic models o Refine risk analysis (tracking uncertainties)
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From page 38... ...
Build a city and test it o How will the facility contribute to Grand Challenge solutions ® Generation of data for developing better whole-system models o Description of facility requirements ® Safety? ® High-performance instrumentation o Examples of projects on which the requirements are based ® Validation of high-fidelity simulations ® SSI validation • Instrumentation Repository o Broad description of experimental or cyberinfrastructure facility ® Equipment for deployment POST earthquake ® Instrumentation to pick up data from aftershocks ® Tools for damage assessment in field ® Smart pigs and drones for definition of infrastructure systems o How will the facility contribute to Grand Challenge solutions ® Collection of high-quality data from field and experimental tests o Description of facility requirements ® High-performance instrumentation o Examples of projects on which the requirements are based ® Data for real-time simulations • Advanced Subsystems Characterization Facility o Broad description of experimental or cyberinfrastructure facility ® Corrosion, accelerated aging, fatigue, multi-axial, high temperature, high pressure ® One or more machines ® Include possible interactions between ground failure and buried lifeline systems o How will the facility contribute to Grand Challenge solutions ® Allows characterization of material, subcomponent, and system performance o Description of facility requirements ® Dynamic, large scale, high load capacity ® High-performance instrumentation o Examples of projects on which the requirements are based ® Development of physics based models ® Lifetime sustainability ® Testing of components under realistic conditions • SSI Shaking Table o Broad description of experimental or cyberinfrastructure facility ® Table specifically designed for high throughput for geotechnical/SSI testing o How will the facility contribute to Grand Challenge solutions ® Producing test data for systems including SSI o Description of facility requirements ® Fast turnover of SSI tests ® Wireless sensors -- self-organizing o Examples of projects on which the requirements are based • Non-Structural Testing Facility o Broad description of experimental or cyberinfrastructure facility ® Table to simulate contents of rooms, servers, etc., at various points in building ® Seismic qualification
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From page 39... ...
• Description of Problem o Use assessment information to inform emergency first responders for efficient resource allocation o For a given damaged infrastructure system/component, we seek a precise quantitative assessment of the damage state o Assess impact of degraded system/component on other interdependent systems o Are there facilities that should not be entered? • Characteristics of Grand Challenges o Develop cyberinfrastructure for near-real-time data to support post-event recovery activities o Work with emergency management community to remove barriers for adopting new technologies • Transformative Approaches to Solution o Develop integrated system that identifies event, measures real-time data, updates models, and informs decision makers o Incorporation of crowd sourcing technologies
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From page 40... ...
Consider that with all the disasters we have to change our approach to determining land suitability, a life space, or "urban ecosystem" in recovery • Characteristics of Grand Challenges o Lack of timeline information to make post-disaster repair and rebuilding decisions in a timely manner o Lack of models and tools to forecast out long-term consequences or the impacts of potential mitigation options (such as land buyouts, redesign/reconstruction changes) o Lack good models that reflect longer-term cascading impacts of large-scale disasters o Lack of understanding of the quality or the resilience of repair technologies o The system of post-disaster mitigation and recovery assistance lacks "resilience basis" to determine best use of public funds for achieving resilience o Lack basic understanding of user needs, workflows, and decision making post-event o Define the boundaries among acceptable, repair to pre-event condition, upgrade to higher performance level and demolition o Development of recovery simulator for affected region -- economic models, material availability, and multiple timescales considered in the recovery process • Transformative Approaches to Solution o Paradigm shift away from pure engineering solutions to a holistic suite of resilience options including land use plan ning, different uses/configurations of buildings post-event, strategic resettlement or reconstruction o Development of recovery simulator for affected region -- economic models, material availability, and multiple timescales considered in the recovery process o Integrate user input into program design and implementation o Assessment in real time of damage and recovery conditions of structures, infrastructure, and socioeconomic condi tions, including partially collapsed structures, effects of aftershocks on damage states, and ongoing repairs o Use imaging technologies to assess damage and track key indicators of recovery over time • Impact of Solution to Grand Challenge o Develop tools to accelerate pace of community recovery and return to normalcy o Enhance understanding of community resilience by tracking recovery in a quantitative manner o Quantitative comparisons of recovery at a host of length and timescales • Projects Addressing the Grand Challenge o Set priorities for regional recovery ® Evaluation of costs at varying timescales ® Understanding factors that drive economic recovery at short-, medium-, and long-term scales
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o Instrumented city ® Broad description of experimental facility -- Instrumented testbed in high-risk, urban environment ® How will the facility contribute to Grand Challenge solutions -- Demonstration of new technologies with respect to data management, communication, and data fusion -- Study decision-making processes for development and calibration of comprehensive, community models o Distributed sensor systems ® Broad description of experimental facility -- Distributed sensor systems to capture response of complete infrastructure systems ® How will the facility contribute to Grand Challenge solutions -- Actual response of complex and interconnected systems -- Verification of data-based models o Multi-modal sensor database ® Broad description of cyberinfrastructure facility -- Large-scale database system ingesting data sources from a variety of sensor types including traditional struc tural sensors as well as from non-traditional sensor streams -- Ingesting data sources from inventory databases (BIM, GIS)
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From page 42... ...
, as well as real-time sensor measurements and information to inform decision makers and first responders about the condition of the community and infrastructure networks -- Information available through this system can also be used to update models and provide information needed for prioritization of reconstruction and recovery efforts ® How will the facility contribute to Grand Challenge solutions -- Provide a rich data source to better understand the response of complete infrastructure systems ® Description of facility requirements -- Data model to ensure inter-operability of all components -- Interfaces to allow for physics-based and statistics-based modeling using data -- Data mining tools that support statistical discovery -- Security of the data and models
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