Animal Research in a Global Environment Meeting the Challenges: Proceedings of the November 2008 International Workshop (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Science and Technology and US Foreign Policy--Norman Neureiter
Science and Technology and US Foreign Policy--Norman Neureiter
Pages 3-12
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From page 3... ...
On one of my trips to the UK while I was at the State Department, I was invited to appear before a committee of the House of Lords on the subject of animal testing, which at the time I knew very little about. They took this issue very seriously and wanted to talk about our experience in the US.
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From page 4... ...
For years, while I was at the State Department, people kept saying, "This is like Norman's bible -- he carries it around like an itinerant preacher." But if you are interested in the subject of the relationship of science and technology to foreign policy, this is probably one of the best pieces ever written, despite its rather cumbersome title -- The Pervasive Role of Science, Technology, and Health in Foreign Policy: Imperatives for the Department of State. The key point is that sixteen of the stated goals of US foreign policy -- and at least in the Clinton administration those goals were actually written down -- involve significant considerations of science, technology, and health.
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From page 5... ...
And my immediate successor in the job succeeded in creating the Jefferson Fellows Program, which added each year five to ten tenured professors on leave from their universities. That means that at this time there are 40-45 PhD science-diplomat fellows from multiple scientific disciplines distributed among some 12 different bureaus of the State Department.
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From page 6... ...
President Kennedy appointed him as his ambassador to Japan. Shortly after that, at a White House dinner in honor of visiting Prime Minister Ikeda of Japan, President Kennedy raised his glass in a toast and created a program of cooperation that had three committees: an economic committee at cabinet level; a cultural committee, with some university people; and a joint committee on scientific cooperation -- the first time that science cooperation was used by the US to improve relations with another country.
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From page 7... ...
These conferences eventually led to signing of the Limited Test Ban Treaty in the Kennedy administration, and this effort eventually grew into more comprehensives treaties for arms control. I personally think these types of dialogues between the scientific communities of the two countries contributed in a major way to avoiding mutual annihilation.
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From page 8... ...
However just before formal diplomatic relations were established in 1979 under President Carter, his science advisor Frank Press had taken representatives from some 19 federal technical agencies along with some university people and come back with agreements for cooperation in a wide range of disciplines. Over the next 25 years the resulting programs have collectively grown into the largest bilateral cooperative scientific relationship of the United States with another country.
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From page 9... ...
Many felt that we were going to give them the secrets of our complex docking processes, with difficult maneuvering and complicated software, among other issues. In spite of these concerns, the experiment took place, and today we actually depend on the Russian Soyuz and the Russian space capsule to get our astronauts up and down to the International Space Station because we have lost a couple of shuttles on the way.
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From page 10... ...
It happened once, when the Berlin Wall came down and the Soviet Union collapsed. In that situation, there was money for recovery in the Eastern European countries and for employing former weapons scientists in the former Soviet Union.
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From page 11... ...
Then there is the whole area of the Muslim world, which I will not expand on at the moment. However, I really think that such science diplomacy programs can be enormously powerful "soft power" instruments of a constructive foreign policy.
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